<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><?xml-stylesheet href="http://www.blogger.com/styles/atom.css" type="text/css"?><feed xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom' xmlns:openSearch='http://a9.com/-/spec/opensearchrss/1.0/' xmlns:georss='http://www.georss.org/georss' xmlns:gd='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005' xmlns:thr='http://purl.org/syndication/thread/1.0'><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-20452722</id><updated>2011-10-06T22:50:52.503-03:00</updated><category term='Bóson de Higgs'/><category term='Harvard'/><category term='greve'/><category term='pós-graduação'/><category term='DAMA'/><category term='Desigualdade de Bell'/><category term='Bariloche'/><category term='Brasil'/><category term='Época'/><category term='criacionismo'/><category term='Swieca School'/><category term='ensino de física'/><category term='Teoria das Variáveis Ocultas'/><category term='Paradoxo EPR'/><category term='string theory'/><category term='Teoria de cordas'/><category term='CERN'/><category term='extra dimensions'/><category term='Cometa'/><category term='Buracos negros'/><category term='Lua'/><category term='McNaught comet'/><category term='supergravity'/><category term='Grave'/><category term='strings'/><category term='Matéria Escura'/><category term='Mecânica Quântica'/><category term='paradoxo da informação'/><category term='Planeta extrasolar'/><category term='justiça'/><category term='radiação de Hawking'/><category term='USP'/><category term='ESO'/><category term='LHC'/><category term='Relatividade Geral'/><category term='Supersimetria'/><category term='Caderno Mais'/><category term='IFT'/><category term='Stephan Hawking'/><category term='Teoria de Campos'/><category term='Newtons law'/><category term='espaço'/><category term='Gliese'/><category term='Cometa McNaught'/><category term='universidade'/><category term='physics school'/><category term='Eclipse'/><category term='IFUSP'/><category term='McNaught'/><category term='Gravity Probe B'/><category term='Instituto de Física'/><category term='Realidade'/><category term='particle physics'/><category term='ensino e pesquisa'/><category term='string school'/><category term='Hubble'/><title type='text'>Sum Over Histories</title><subtitle type='html'>News on quantum gravity, strings and other interesting stuff in physics. &lt;br/&gt;
Novidades em gravitação quântica, cordas e outras coisas interessantes em física.</subtitle><link rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#feed' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://rivelles.blogspot.com/feeds/posts/default'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20452722/posts/default?max-results=100'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://rivelles.blogspot.com/'/><link rel='hub' href='http://pubsubhubbub.appspot.com/'/><link rel='next' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20452722/posts/default?start-index=101&amp;max-results=100'/><author><name>Victor Rivelles</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13686446138092176062</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><generator version='7.00' uri='http://www.blogger.com'>Blogger</generator><openSearch:totalResults>191</openSearch:totalResults><openSearch:startIndex>1</openSearch:startIndex><openSearch:itemsPerPage>100</openSearch:itemsPerPage><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-20452722.post-858794405396184802</id><published>2008-05-30T10:49:00.006-03:00</published><updated>2008-05-30T11:10:11.893-03:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='ensino e pesquisa'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Harvard'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='universidade'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='USP'/><title type='text'>Harvard ameaçada</title><content type='html'>Os políticos de Massachusetts estão querendo cobrar impostos de Harvard, uma das melhores universidades americanas, segundo o &lt;a href="http://online.wsj.com/article/SB121028579569979023.html"&gt;Wall Street Journal&lt;/a&gt;. Um dos argumentos apresentados é que o número de estudantes de Harvard é reduzido e que a maior parte do orçamento da universidade vai para a pesquisa e não para o ensino. Parece que o mesmo problema crônico que assola as melhores universidades do terceiro mundo chega aos EUA. Leia a &lt;a href="http://gregmankiw.blogspot.com/2008/05/time-for-harvard-to-move.html"&gt;proposta de um professor de Harvard&lt;/a&gt; e uma discussão sobre &lt;a href="http://cosmicvariance.com/2008/05/29/the-purpose-of-harvard-is-not-to-educate-people/"&gt;pesquisa versus ensino nas universidades&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Ultimamente a USP vem caminhando na direção errada. Um exemplo flagrante é  a distribuição de vagas para contratação de professores. É dada prioridade aos departamentos que possuem carga didática elevada, ignorando-se completamente a carga didática da pós-graduação, a orientação de estudantes, e os trabalhos de pesquisa desenvolvidos no departamento. Aqui, não foi necessária nenhuma pressão externa, é a própria universidade se auto-destruindo. Um pena.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/20452722-858794405396184802?l=rivelles.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://rivelles.blogspot.com/feeds/858794405396184802/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=20452722&amp;postID=858794405396184802' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20452722/posts/default/858794405396184802'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20452722/posts/default/858794405396184802'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://rivelles.blogspot.com/2008/05/harvard-ameaada.html' title='Harvard ameaçada'/><author><name>Victor Rivelles</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13686446138092176062</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-20452722.post-2374113240753446445</id><published>2008-04-30T16:25:00.002-03:00</published><updated>2008-04-30T16:37:22.245-03:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='LHC'/><title type='text'>Brasil no LHC</title><content type='html'>Mais uma reportagem sobre os brasileiros no LHC publicado pela &lt;a href="http://www.jornaldaciencia.org.br/Detalhe.jsp?id=55776"&gt;Folha&lt;/a&gt; e na capa do &lt;a href="http://cienciahoje.uol.com.br/materia/view/209"&gt;Ciência Hoje.&lt;/a&gt; Enquanto isso, no LHC começam os &lt;a href="http://www.symmetrymagazine.org/breaking/2008/04/29/at-the-lhc-repaired-magnets-are-powered-up-for-the-first-time/"&gt;testes com os magnetos que deram problemas&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/20452722-2374113240753446445?l=rivelles.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://rivelles.blogspot.com/feeds/2374113240753446445/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=20452722&amp;postID=2374113240753446445' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20452722/posts/default/2374113240753446445'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20452722/posts/default/2374113240753446445'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://rivelles.blogspot.com/2008/04/brasil-no-lhc.html' title='Brasil no LHC'/><author><name>Victor Rivelles</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13686446138092176062</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-20452722.post-962153655875083623</id><published>2008-04-17T08:52:00.003-03:00</published><updated>2008-04-18T17:13:48.425-03:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Matéria Escura'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='DAMA'/><title type='text'>Descoberta da Matéria Escura, Parte 2</title><content type='html'>O experimento italiano DAMA (DArk MAtter) anunciou em 2000 a descoberta da matéria escura. Os resultados obtidos eram bastante controversos e pouco tempo depois concluiu-se que não havia evidência suficiente que comprovasse a existência da matéria escura. Agora, o mesmo experimento  foi aperfeiçoado e o DAMA afirma ter provado a existência da matéria escura com uma precisão muito melhor. Vamos aguardar. Leia a noticia no &lt;a href="http://people.roma2.infn.it/%7Edama/web/home.html"&gt;site do DAMA&lt;/a&gt;, e comentários no &lt;a href="http://www.nytimes.com/2008/04/17/science/space/17dark.html?_r=2&amp;amp;ref=space&amp;amp;oref=slogin&amp;amp;oref=login"&gt;New York Times&lt;/a&gt; e no &lt;a href="http://apetrov.wordpress.com/2008/04/16/damalibra-claims-to-see-dark-matter/"&gt;Symmetry Factor&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Update: Noticiado na &lt;a href="http://www.jornaldaciencia.org.br/Detalhe.jsp?id=55583"&gt;Folha&lt;/a&gt; e uma &lt;a href="http://dorigo.wordpress.com/2008/04/17/about-the-dama-libra-result/"&gt;versão mais técnica&lt;/a&gt; em inglês.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/20452722-962153655875083623?l=rivelles.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://rivelles.blogspot.com/feeds/962153655875083623/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=20452722&amp;postID=962153655875083623' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20452722/posts/default/962153655875083623'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20452722/posts/default/962153655875083623'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://rivelles.blogspot.com/2008/04/descoberta-da-matria-escura-parte-2.html' title='Descoberta da Matéria Escura, Parte 2'/><author><name>Victor Rivelles</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13686446138092176062</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-20452722.post-4619648683454842612</id><published>2008-04-07T15:33:00.004-03:00</published><updated>2008-04-08T13:34:27.637-03:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='CERN'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='LHC'/><title type='text'>O Brasil no CERN</title><content type='html'>O &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CERN"&gt;CERN,&lt;/a&gt; sede do &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Large_Hadron_Collider"&gt;Large Hadron Collider&lt;/a&gt; (o grande colisor de hádrons), abriu suas portas ao público neste fim de semana. Reportagens do &lt;a href="http://www.jornaldaciencia.org.br/Detalhe.jsp?id=55295"&gt;Estadão&lt;/a&gt; e da &lt;a href="http://www.jornaldaciencia.org.br/Detalhe.jsp?id=55296"&gt;Folha&lt;/a&gt; contam a história dos brasileiros envolvidos no LHC.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Update: Uma &lt;a href="http://www.jornaldaciencia.org.br/Detalhe.jsp?id=55337"&gt;entrevista&lt;/a&gt; com &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Higgs"&gt;Peter Higgs&lt;/a&gt;, 79 anos, (proponente do &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Higgs_boson"&gt;bóson de Higgs&lt;/a&gt;, uma das partículas que poderão ser produzidas pelo LHC)  que apareceu em vários jornais do mundo.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/20452722-4619648683454842612?l=rivelles.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://rivelles.blogspot.com/feeds/4619648683454842612/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=20452722&amp;postID=4619648683454842612' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20452722/posts/default/4619648683454842612'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20452722/posts/default/4619648683454842612'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://rivelles.blogspot.com/2008/04/o-brasil-no-cern.html' title='O Brasil no CERN'/><author><name>Victor Rivelles</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13686446138092176062</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-20452722.post-4755797421698338799</id><published>2008-03-31T12:30:00.006-03:00</published><updated>2008-04-01T16:25:55.168-03:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Buracos negros'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='justiça'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='LHC'/><title type='text'>Um juiz pode salvar a Terra dos buracos negros?</title><content type='html'>O &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Large_Hadron_Collider"&gt;LHC (Large Hadron Collider&lt;/a&gt;) é o acelerador de partículas mais potente já construído e deverá entrar em funcionamento em julho deste ano (mais detalhes &lt;a href="http://physicsworld.com/cws/article/news/33600"&gt;aqui&lt;/a&gt;). Enquanto, isso, no Havai, duas pessoas entraram com uma ação na justiça pedindo o embargo do início das atividades do LHC. Eles acreditam que o LHC pode criar mini-buracos negros que destruiriam a Terra, segundo o &lt;a href="http://www.nytimes.com/2008/03/29/science/29collider.html"&gt;The New York Times&lt;/a&gt;. É pouco provável que isso tenha qualquer conseqüência jurídica já que o LHC foi construído parte na Suiça e parte na França e está fora da jurisdição americana. Mas não impede que eco-fanáticos europeus dêem início a uma ação semelhante por lá.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Update: &lt;a href="http://www.jornaldaciencia.org.br/Detalhe.jsp?id=55200"&gt;versão da Folha&lt;/a&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/20452722-4755797421698338799?l=rivelles.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://rivelles.blogspot.com/feeds/4755797421698338799/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=20452722&amp;postID=4755797421698338799' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20452722/posts/default/4755797421698338799'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20452722/posts/default/4755797421698338799'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://rivelles.blogspot.com/2008/03/um-juiz-pode-salvar-terra-dos-buracos.html' title='Um juiz pode salvar a Terra dos buracos negros?'/><author><name>Victor Rivelles</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13686446138092176062</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-20452722.post-5542235101263551836</id><published>2008-03-27T10:12:00.003-03:00</published><updated>2008-03-27T10:30:07.034-03:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='particle physics'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='strings'/><title type='text'>Particle physics and strings in the media</title><content type='html'>An &lt;a href="http://www.newsweek.com/id/128877"&gt;interview with Steven Weinberg&lt;/a&gt; about the Higgs and religion in Newsweek.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="display: block;" id="formatbar_Buttons"&gt;&lt;span class="on" style="display: block;" id="formatbar_CreateLink" title="Link" onmouseover="ButtonHoverOn(this);" onmouseout="ButtonHoverOff(this);" onmouseup="" onmousedown="CheckFormatting(event);FormatbarButton('richeditorframe', this, 8);ButtonMouseDown(this);"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;CP symmetry and matter antimatter in &lt;a href="http://sciencenow.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/2008/320/4"&gt;Science&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="http://www.cosmosmagazine.com/node/1899"&gt;Cosmos Magazine&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="http://www.telegraph.co.uk/earth/main.jhtml?view=DETAILS&amp;amp;grid=&amp;amp;xml=/earth/2008/03/19/scimatter119.xml"&gt;Telegraph&lt;/a&gt; and  Michael Peskin in &lt;a href="http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v452/n7185/full/452293a.html"&gt;Nature&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Strings in &lt;a href="http://www.nature.com/news/2008/080326/full/452392b.html"&gt;Nature&lt;/a&gt; and cosmology in &lt;a href="http://discovermagazine.com/2008/apr/25-3-theories-that-might-blow-up-the-big-bang"&gt;Discover Magazine&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/20452722-5542235101263551836?l=rivelles.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://rivelles.blogspot.com/feeds/5542235101263551836/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=20452722&amp;postID=5542235101263551836' title='1 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20452722/posts/default/5542235101263551836'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20452722/posts/default/5542235101263551836'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://rivelles.blogspot.com/2008/03/particle-physics-and-strings-in-media.html' title='Particle physics and strings in the media'/><author><name>Victor Rivelles</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13686446138092176062</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>1</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-20452722.post-7960224669051558617</id><published>2007-05-25T12:12:00.000-03:00</published><updated>2007-05-25T12:17:33.955-03:00</updated><title type='text'>O fim da barricada no IFUSP</title><content type='html'>Uma descrição detalhada da retomada do direito de ir e vir no IFUSP pode ser encontrada &lt;a href="http://stoa.usp.br/francisco/weblog/3189.html"&gt;aqui&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/20452722-7960224669051558617?l=rivelles.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://rivelles.blogspot.com/feeds/7960224669051558617/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=20452722&amp;postID=7960224669051558617' title='2 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20452722/posts/default/7960224669051558617'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20452722/posts/default/7960224669051558617'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://rivelles.blogspot.com/2007/05/o-fim-da-barricada-no-ifusp.html' title='O fim da barricada no IFUSP'/><author><name>Victor Rivelles</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13686446138092176062</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>2</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-20452722.post-3273865017700004496</id><published>2007-05-24T22:00:00.001-03:00</published><updated>2007-05-25T11:17:44.857-03:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='IFUSP'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Grave'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='USP'/><title type='text'>O valor de uma greve</title><content type='html'>&lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span lang="PT-BR"&gt;Fiquei estarrecido com a afirmação feita por um dos alunos grevistas no IFUSP. O cerceamento vergonhoso aos professores e alunos adotados para impedir as aulas tem por finalidade evitar que eles, os grevistas, fiquem com faltas ou percam as provas aplicadas por professores que não aderiram à greve! Está inaugurada uma nova modalidade de greve, a greve de risco zero. Você pára e obriga todos a pararem, não pela persuasão e convencimento racionais mas sim pela violência  e pela irracionalidade da força bruta.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;O operário grevista não tem os dias de greve pagos; a reposição dos dias perdidos é quase sempre negociada ao final da paralisação. No passado, professores e estudantes da USP faziam greves e passeatas arriscando suas posições na universidade e, freqüentemente, a própria vida. Mas hoje em dia a história é outra. Na verdade, tais grevistas são um desrespeito para os que arriscaram suas vidas por ideais democráticos e uma vergonha para o Instituto de Física e para a própria USP.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Entretanto, tudo isto é bastante revelador. O valor de um bem é medido por aquilo que se está disposto a arriscar. Nossos grevistas de risco zero demonstraram claramente o quanto vale o ideal pelo qual lutam: absolutamente nada!&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/20452722-3273865017700004496?l=rivelles.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://rivelles.blogspot.com/feeds/3273865017700004496/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=20452722&amp;postID=3273865017700004496' title='2 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20452722/posts/default/3273865017700004496'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20452722/posts/default/3273865017700004496'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://rivelles.blogspot.com/2007/05/o-valor-de-uma-greve.html' title='O valor de uma greve'/><author><name>Victor Rivelles</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13686446138092176062</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>2</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-20452722.post-4565650638134333701</id><published>2007-05-24T21:43:00.000-03:00</published><updated>2007-05-24T21:43:54.827-03:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='greve'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='IFUSP'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='USP'/><title type='text'>O estupro da USP</title><content type='html'>Não estou em greve. A decisão tomada por uma assembléia de 300 professores da ADUSP não representa a minha posição, nem de muitos colegas que conheço e nem, arrisco a afirmar, da maioria dos quase 5000 docentes da USP. Da mesma forma, a greve decretada pelos estudantes não representa a posição de parcela significativa de meus alunos. Mesmo que aqueles contrários à greve sejam uma minoria é necessário respeitá-los. Entretanto, o que se vê é uma coerção injustificável por parte dos grevistas, impedindo, de forma violenta, o acesso às salas de aula. Nas raras ocasiões que uma aula consegue acontecer, um bando de alunos com bumbos, apitos e cornetas rapidamente aparece para impedir seu andamento. Jogam bombinhas e socam as portas e vidros da sala de aula, numa atitude de violência jamais presenciada nas últimas décadas.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Os grevistas clamam por mais democracia e pela preservação de seu direito à greve. Mas esquecem que um dos pilares de qualquer sistema democrático é a garantia dos direitos individuais de qualquer grupo, neste caso, daqueles que não desejam participar da greve. Não respeitar a posição dos colegas que não apóiam a greve é lançar a democracia no lixo da história.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Os atos presenciados relembram a época da ditadura militar onde o direito de ir e vir era cerceado e os professores eram impedidos de ministrar suas aulas. A diferença é que hoje isto é praticado por um bando de grevistas em pleno estado de direito. As autoridades universitárias mantém-se omissas e não tomam qualquer iniciativa para coibi-los. Não fazem valer seu papel de guardiãs do patrimônio da universidade.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;E não me refiro apenas ao patrimônio físico, mas ao patrimônio maior de qualquer universidade digna desse nome: a liberdade de expressão e a diversidade de opiniões. Hoje os grevistas nos calam e nos impõem sua vontade pela força, impedindo-nos de exercer nossas atividades. A USP está tristemente sendo estuprada por uma minoria de seus próprios professores e alunos. Uma cena bizarra que acontece em pleno século 21 e que só faz relembrar os tempos de escuridão e violência que pareciam esquecidos.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/20452722-4565650638134333701?l=rivelles.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://rivelles.blogspot.com/feeds/4565650638134333701/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=20452722&amp;postID=4565650638134333701' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20452722/posts/default/4565650638134333701'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20452722/posts/default/4565650638134333701'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://rivelles.blogspot.com/2007/05/o-estupro-da-usp.html' title='O estupro da USP'/><author><name>Victor Rivelles</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13686446138092176062</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-20452722.post-2141421744590217322</id><published>2007-05-22T15:08:00.000-03:00</published><updated>2007-05-22T22:11:06.717-03:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Instituto de Física'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='greve'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='USP'/><title type='text'>A ocupação da reitoria da USP e do IFUSP</title><content type='html'>Ontem um punhado de alunos do Instituto de Física da USP declarou greve. Durante a madrugada empilharam carteiras nos corredores onde existem salas de aula e também na entrada da ala central, o acesso principal dos estudantes. Com isso estavam tentando impedir as aulas de hoje numa atitude de autoritarismo que lembra a época da ditadura militar. Não respeitam a posição dos estudantes que não apoiam a greve, outra atitude completamente anti-democrática.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;À tarde, uma professora e alguns alunos conseguiram entrar num auditório mas tiveram que trancar a porta para impedir a entrada de um bando de estudantes com bumbos e cornetas. Durante uma reunião com o diretor em exercício, que ocorria no mesmo horário, era possível ouvir o barulho fora do auditório e sentir a sala estremecer. Parecia que a universidade estava desmoronando ao nosso redor. E acho que é isso que está realmente acontecendo, em todos os sentidos.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;A USP e o IFUSP foram tomados por um bando de alunos que não merecem o privilégio de estudar numa universidade pública. Destroem nosso valioso patrimônio usando uma violência injustificável. Não respeitam colegas, professores, ou qualquer ser humano que não compartilhe de suas opiniões radicais e anti-democráticas. Pior ainda, tentam destruir a base da própria universidade: a liberdade de expressão e a diversidade de opiniões.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;UPDATE:Cobertura da  &lt;a href="http://www1.folha.uol.com.br/folha/educacao/ult305u19550.shtml"&gt;Folha&lt;/a&gt;, da &lt;a href="http://www1.folha.uol.com.br/folha/educacao/ult305u19554.shtml"&gt;Folha&lt;/a&gt;, da &lt;a href="http://g1.globo.com/Noticias/Vestibular/0,,MUL40517-5604,00.html"&gt;Globo&lt;/a&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/20452722-2141421744590217322?l=rivelles.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://rivelles.blogspot.com/feeds/2141421744590217322/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=20452722&amp;postID=2141421744590217322' title='4 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20452722/posts/default/2141421744590217322'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20452722/posts/default/2141421744590217322'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://rivelles.blogspot.com/2007/05/ocupao-da-usp-e-do-ifusp.html' title='A ocupação da reitoria da USP e do IFUSP'/><author><name>Victor Rivelles</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13686446138092176062</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>4</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-20452722.post-2947882866786191987</id><published>2007-05-15T18:56:00.000-03:00</published><updated>2007-05-16T10:15:11.126-03:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Hubble'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Matéria Escura'/><title type='text'>O Hubble descobre um anel de matéria escura</title><content type='html'>&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://imgsrc.hubblesite.org/hu/db/2007/17/images/a/formats/small_web.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; float: left; cursor: pointer; width: 320px;" src="http://imgsrc.hubblesite.org/hu/db/2007/17/images/a/formats/small_web.jpg" alt="" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Fotos do aglomerado de galáxias Cl 0024+17 mostra, através do efeito de lente gravitacional, um &lt;a href="http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/2007/17/"&gt;anel de matéria escura&lt;/a&gt;! Outros posts sobre o assunto podem ser lidos &lt;a href="http://rivelles.blogspot.com/2007/01/mapa-da-matria-escura.html"&gt;aqui&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="http://rivelles.blogspot.com/2006/08/matria-escura.html"&gt;aqui&lt;/a&gt;,&lt;a href="http://rivelles.blogspot.com/2006/08/dark-matter-discovered.html"&gt; aqui&lt;/a&gt; e &lt;a href="http://rivelles.blogspot.com/2006/08/dark-matter-is-out-there.html"&gt;aqui&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Update: Mais detalhes  sobre o anel &lt;a href="http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/astropix.html"&gt;aqui&lt;/a&gt; e &lt;a href="http://www.interactions.org/cms/?pid=1025159"&gt;aqui&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/20452722-2947882866786191987?l=rivelles.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://rivelles.blogspot.com/feeds/2947882866786191987/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=20452722&amp;postID=2947882866786191987' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20452722/posts/default/2947882866786191987'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20452722/posts/default/2947882866786191987'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://rivelles.blogspot.com/2007/05/o-hubble-descobre-um-anel-de-matria.html' title='O Hubble descobre um anel de matéria escura'/><author><name>Victor Rivelles</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13686446138092176062</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-20452722.post-6050295138911469793</id><published>2007-04-27T10:32:00.000-03:00</published><updated>2007-04-27T10:43:12.706-03:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='espaço'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Stephan Hawking'/><title type='text'>Hawking em gravidade zero</title><content type='html'>Parece que a Virgin Galatic ficou para trás. Anunciaram que vão levar &lt;a href="http://rivelles.blogspot.com/2007/01/stephan-hawking-quer-viajar-no-espao.html"&gt;Stephen Hawking para uma viagem no espaço&lt;/a&gt; em 2009. Mas a NASA se antecipou e colocou &lt;a href="http://space.newscientist.com/article/dn11730-stephen-hawking-gets-taste-of-zero-gravity.html"&gt;Hawking num Boeing&lt;/a&gt; para que ele tivesse o gostinho de sentir gravidade zero, e vivenciar Galileu e Newton na própria pele. Apesar de seus 65 anos e de seu problema fĩsico. Veja a foto no blog do &lt;a href="http://dorigo.wordpress.com/2007/04/27/steven-hawking-at-large/"&gt;Dorigo&lt;/a&gt;. Belo exemplo de como enfrentar as mazelas da vida.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/20452722-6050295138911469793?l=rivelles.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://rivelles.blogspot.com/feeds/6050295138911469793/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=20452722&amp;postID=6050295138911469793' title='1 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20452722/posts/default/6050295138911469793'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20452722/posts/default/6050295138911469793'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://rivelles.blogspot.com/2007/04/hawking-em-gravidade-zero.html' title='Hawking em gravidade zero'/><author><name>Victor Rivelles</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13686446138092176062</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>1</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-20452722.post-7863212126104948629</id><published>2007-04-25T16:42:00.000-03:00</published><updated>2007-04-26T09:01:53.874-03:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Planeta extrasolar'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Gliese'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='ESO'/><title type='text'>Novo planeta extrasolar</title><content type='html'>Um novo planeta extrasolar acaba de ser &lt;a href="http://www.jornaldaciencia.org.br/Detalhe.jsp?id=46372"&gt;decoberto&lt;/a&gt; pelo &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Southern_Observatory"&gt;ESO(European Southern Observatory) &lt;/a&gt;no Chile. Seu nome é &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gliese_581_c"&gt;Gliese 581c&lt;/a&gt;. Ele orbita a anã vermelha &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gliese_581"&gt;Gliese 581&lt;/a&gt; numa zona habitável em que a temperatura da superfície do planeta estaria entre 0°C e 40°C. O planeta não é visível e são se sabe se tem atmosfera. Ele foi detectado graças ao seu pequeno efeito gravitacional sobre seu sol, Gliese 581. Está a cerca de 20 anos-luz da Terra o que torna impossível enviar um satélite para estuda-lo. A grande expectativa  é se abrigaria alguma forma de vida. Ótimo roteiro de filme! Mais detalhes da descoberta podem ser encontrados &lt;a href="http://oklo.org/?p=205"&gt;aqui.&lt;/a&gt; Uma foto de Gliese 581 (não do planeta!) pode ser vista &lt;a href="http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap070426.html"&gt;aqui&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/20452722-7863212126104948629?l=rivelles.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://rivelles.blogspot.com/feeds/7863212126104948629/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=20452722&amp;postID=7863212126104948629' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20452722/posts/default/7863212126104948629'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20452722/posts/default/7863212126104948629'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://rivelles.blogspot.com/2007/04/novo-planeta-extrasolar.html' title='Novo planeta extrasolar'/><author><name>Victor Rivelles</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13686446138092176062</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-20452722.post-698418887479284795</id><published>2007-04-21T10:43:00.000-03:00</published><updated>2007-04-21T12:42:53.887-03:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Desigualdade de Bell'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Mecânica Quântica'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Realidade'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Paradoxo EPR'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Teoria das Variáveis Ocultas'/><title type='text'>A realidade e a mecânica quântica</title><content type='html'>&lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span lang="PT-BR"&gt;A &lt;a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mec%C3%A2nica_qu%C3%A2ntica"&gt;mecânica quântica&lt;/a&gt; é uma das teorias mais bem sucedidas e estranhas de todos os tempos. Descoberta e desenvolvida por físicos renomados, como Heisenberg, Schrödinger, Bohr e Einstein, ela apresenta características peculiares e difíceis de serem aceitas por contrariarem nossa experiência cotidiana. Alguns efeitos típicos da mecânica quântica foram discutidos num &lt;a href="http://rivelles.blogspot.com/2006/02/o-mundo-quntico-um-barato.html"&gt;post anterior&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Um aspecto importante da mecânica quântica é o fato de ela ser probabilística. Isto significa que ela não prediz a obtenção uma medida com certeza absoluta. Ao invés disto, ela simplesmente fornece a probabilidade de obter uma determinada medida. Isto nos leva a uma estranha situação onde a medida de uma certa grandeza em dois sistemas idênticos pode fornecer respostas diferentes.  É natural, portanto, levantar a questão da existência de uma realidade mais profunda,  escondida por baixo da mecânica quântica, e que seria completamente determinística. Se esta teoria mais fundamental de fato existir, então a mecânica quântica, por definição, deve ser uma descrição incompleta da realidade.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0d/Schr%C3%B6dinger_cat.png"&gt;&lt;img style="margin: 0pt 0pt 10px 10px; float: right; cursor: pointer; width: 320px;" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0d/Schr%C3%B6dinger_cat.png" alt="" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span lang="PT-BR"&gt;Uma teoria assim concebida é conhecida como uma teoria das &lt;a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teoria_das_vari%C3%A1veis_ocultas"&gt;variáveis ocultas&lt;/a&gt;. A descrição incompleta da mecânica quântica seria devida ao fato de não termos levado em consideração todas a variáveis que descrevem o sistema. Em 1935, Einstein, Podolsky e Rosen escreveram um&lt;a href="http://prola.aps.org/pdf/PR/v47/i10/p777_1"&gt; trabalho&lt;/a&gt; intitulado "Can quantum-mechanical description of physical reality be considered complete?" onde argumentam que tal teoria é não somente possível, mas de fato necessária, oferecendo o &lt;a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paradoxo_EPR" title="Paradoxo EPR"&gt;paradoxo EPR&lt;/a&gt; como prova disso. A maior parte dos físicos acredita, porém, que não há uma realidade mais profunda na mecânica quântica. Porém, como em qualquer outro ramo da ciência, o único modo de decidir entre ambas é através da experiência.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;As teorias das variáveis ocultas usualmente adotam duas hipóteses importantes.  Uma delas é o realismo, isto é, a realidade existe mesmo quando não a observamos. A segunda é a localidade, ou seja, uma partícula não pode influenciar outra instantaneamente. Baseado nestas hipóteses, &lt;a href="http://physicsweb.org/articles/world/11/12/8/1"&gt;John Bell&lt;/a&gt; demonstrou em 1964 o agora famoso &lt;a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teorema_de_Bell"&gt;Teorema de Bell&lt;/a&gt;, que fornece uma distinção absoluta entre a mecânica quântica e as teorias das variáveis ocultas. Na verdade, Bell apresenta uma classe de desigualdades que as teorias das variáveis ocultas devem satisfazer. A violação dessas desigualdades indicaria que a mecânica quântica fornece uma descrição completa da natureza.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;O primeiro teste das desigualdades de Bell aconteceu em 1972 e deu pleno suporte para a mecânica quântica. Desde então, muitos outros testes foram realizados, com resultados sempre favoráveis à mecânica quântica. As desigualdades foram testadas inclusive num &lt;a href="http://physicsweb.org/articles/news/7/11/3"&gt;acelerador de partículas&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Entretanto, a violação da desigualdade de Bell não permite distinguir qual das hipóteses - realismo,  localidade ou ambas -  foi violada. Isto levou Anthony Leggett a propor, em 2003,  uma desigualdade diferente, baseada apenas no realismo. Da mesma forma que as desigualdades de Bell, a violação desta desigualdade levantaria dúvidas sobre o realismo nas teorias de variáveis ocultas. A &lt;a href="http://physicsweb.org/articles/news/11/4/14/1?rss=2.0"&gt;desigualdade de Leggett acabou de ser testada&lt;/a&gt; por uma equipe da Universidade de Viena, que constataram sua violação. Isto fornece suporte para a afirmação usual da mecânica quântica de que a realidade não existe enquanto não a observamos. A mecânica quântica é realmente um barato!&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/20452722-698418887479284795?l=rivelles.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://rivelles.blogspot.com/feeds/698418887479284795/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=20452722&amp;postID=698418887479284795' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20452722/posts/default/698418887479284795'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20452722/posts/default/698418887479284795'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://rivelles.blogspot.com/2007/04/realidade-e-mecnica-quntica.html' title='A realidade e a mecânica quântica'/><author><name>Victor Rivelles</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13686446138092176062</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-20452722.post-7617135831871361240</id><published>2007-04-16T09:45:00.000-03:00</published><updated>2007-04-16T10:14:15.217-03:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Relatividade Geral'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Gravity Probe B'/><title type='text'>Testando a Relatividade Geral</title><content type='html'>O satélite &lt;a href="http://einstein.stanford.edu/"&gt;Gravity-Probe B&lt;/a&gt; foi lançado em 2004 para testar duas previsões da &lt;a href="http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relatividade_geral"&gt;relatividade geral&lt;/a&gt;. De acordo com a teoria de Einstein, a Terra ou qualquer outro corpo massivo afeta o espaço-tempo ao seu redor. Isto causa no satélite um &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geodetic_effect"&gt;efeito geodético&lt;/a&gt; devido a curvatura do espaço-tempo produzido pela massa da Terra. Além disso,  há um outro efeito muito menor, o &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frame_dragging"&gt;arrastamento do espaço-tempo &lt;/a&gt;devido ao movimento de rotação da Terra.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Para detectar tais efeitos, o satélite  transporta  quatro giroscópios extremamente precisos. Após três anos monitorando o comportamento desses giroscópios já é possível detectar o efeito geodético com uma precisão de 1%. O efeito de arrastamento, por ser muito menor, ainda requer uma calibração melhor dos giroscópios e mais alguns meses de coleta de dados.  A previsão é de que até o final do ano novos dados estarão disponíveis. O custo do satélite foi de 700 milhões de dolares! Mais detalhes podem ser encontrados &lt;a href="http://einstein.stanford.edu/content/press_releases/SU/pr-aps-041807.pdf"&gt;aqui&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/20452722-7617135831871361240?l=rivelles.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://rivelles.blogspot.com/feeds/7617135831871361240/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=20452722&amp;postID=7617135831871361240' title='1 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20452722/posts/default/7617135831871361240'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20452722/posts/default/7617135831871361240'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://rivelles.blogspot.com/2007/04/testando-relatividade-geral.html' title='Testando a Relatividade Geral'/><author><name>Victor Rivelles</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13686446138092176062</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>1</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-20452722.post-6484047883895541042</id><published>2007-03-31T11:11:00.000-03:00</published><updated>2007-03-31T11:52:07.153-03:00</updated><title type='text'>O Segredo de Rhonda Byrne.</title><content type='html'>Está chegando na livrarias do Brasil o livro de &lt;span class="revistasCorpo"&gt;Rhonda Byrne "O Segredo", que também está disponível em DVD. Sucesso de vendas nos EUA, capa da &lt;a href="http://veja.abril.uol.com.br/040407/p_076.shtml"&gt;Veja&lt;/a&gt; nesta semana, sem dúvida fará um grande sucesso no Brasil. Provavelmente o mesmo sucesso que Norman Vincent Peale fez na década de 60 quando foi traduzido o seu livro "O Poder do Pensamento Positivo".&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Qual é o segredo? Vender a idéia de que é possível ser feliz, ter saude e atrair riquezas apenas com a força do pensamento. Uma das receitas mais antigas de auto-ajuda, que pode ser encontrada inclusive na Bíblia. "O Segredo", na verdade, é uma reciclagem do livro de Peale. Qual a técnica de Rhonda? Usar uma linguagem simples e acessível a todos. Porque consegue enganar a todos? Diferentemente de Peale, que usa argumentos religiosos, ela tenta usar a ciência, afirmando que a mecânica quântica explica as leis de atração do pensamento. Desonestidade de primeiro grau. Primeiro, porque não é possível ficar rico apenas desejando ficar rico. Tente fazer isso voce mesmo! E depois, porque não existem leis de atração pelo pensamento, e portanto, a mecância quântica não pode ser utilizada.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Na verdade, o segredo de Rhonda é utilizar o desejo de todo ser humano em prosperar e aproveitar-se da ignorância que a grande maioria tem sobre ciências. Isto mostra o grande fracasso das escolas, não só no Brasil, mas pelo mundo afora.  E ela não deixa por menos. Já prometeu o "O Segredo II", the return. Hasta la vista baby!&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/20452722-6484047883895541042?l=rivelles.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://rivelles.blogspot.com/feeds/6484047883895541042/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=20452722&amp;postID=6484047883895541042' title='10 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20452722/posts/default/6484047883895541042'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20452722/posts/default/6484047883895541042'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://rivelles.blogspot.com/2007/03/o-segredo-de-rhonda-byrne.html' title='O Segredo de Rhonda Byrne.'/><author><name>Victor Rivelles</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13686446138092176062</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>10</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-20452722.post-5577798960948440609</id><published>2007-03-12T09:04:00.000-03:00</published><updated>2007-03-12T09:43:24.838-03:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Caderno Mais'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Teoria de Campos'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='LHC'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Teoria de cordas'/><title type='text'>Cordas e LHC na Folha</title><content type='html'>Ontem foi publicado um artigo sobre cordas no Caderno Mais da Folha: &lt;a href="http://www1.folha.uol.com.br/fsp/ciencia/fe1103200703.htm"&gt;No Fim do Tunel&lt;/a&gt; (é necessário ser assinante). Este é o artigo sério sobre cordas que havia mencionado &lt;a href="http://rivelles.blogspot.com/2007/02/teoria-de-cordas-na-poca.html#links"&gt;anteriormente&lt;/a&gt;. Nele, o autor, Rafael Garcia, comenta um &lt;a href="http://arxiv.org/abs/hep-ph/0604255"&gt;artigo de Jacques Distler&lt;/a&gt; que pretende testar a teoria de cordas no LHC.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;O trabalho de Distler consiste em estudar o efeito da adição de operadores de dimensão mais alta na teoria eletrofraca junto com a condição de que propriedades essenciais como invariância de Lorentz, analiticidade, unitariedade e simetria de cruzamento (crossing) sejam mantidas em distâncias muito pequenas. Em outras palavras, ele estuda extensões da teoria eletrofraca que mantém propriedades fundamentais de qualquer teoria quântica de campos. Essa é uma idéia antiga e bastante utilizada para analisar extensões de qualquer modelo. A novidade de Distler e colaboradores é que eles aplicam essa maquinaria para estudar a produção dos bósons W que serão eventualmente produzidos no LHC. As propriedades mencionadas acima impõem limites sobre determinados parâmetros que caracterizam a produção dos W' s e violações desses limites indicariam que tais propriedades não estariam presentes na teoria. Portanto, o que está sendo testadado, são propriedades da teoria quântica de campos e não da teoria de cordas. Por outro lado, como a teoria de cordas também assume simetria de Lorentz, analiticidade, unitariedade e crossing, a violação de qualquer uma delas seria um problema muito sério para as cordas.  Entretanto, ninguém espera que essas propriedades sejam violadas.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;O título da &lt;a href="http://arxiv.org/abs/hep-ph/0604255v1"&gt;primeira versão&lt;/a&gt; do trabalho de Distler foi modificado. Ele fazia menção à teoria de cordas. O árbitro do trabalho deve ter notado que o que está se testanto diretamente é a teoria quântica de campos e não a teoria de cordas. A versão publicada no Physical Review Letters&lt;br /&gt;menciona modelos de física nova e não mais a teoria de cordas. Corretíssimo!&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/20452722-5577798960948440609?l=rivelles.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://rivelles.blogspot.com/feeds/5577798960948440609/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=20452722&amp;postID=5577798960948440609' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20452722/posts/default/5577798960948440609'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20452722/posts/default/5577798960948440609'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://rivelles.blogspot.com/2007/03/cordas-e-lhc-na-folha.html' title='Cordas e LHC na Folha'/><author><name>Victor Rivelles</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13686446138092176062</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-20452722.post-2983201586271897551</id><published>2007-03-08T21:58:00.000-03:00</published><updated>2007-03-08T21:58:32.981-03:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='IFUSP'/><title type='text'>Os dois lados da medalha</title><content type='html'>Na última reunião da Congregação do IFUSP o presidente da Comissão de Pesquisa do instituto referiu-se de forma extremamente jocosa e desrespeitosa aos docentes que possuem bolsa de produtividade em pesquisa do CNPq e que participam de projetos temáticos da Fapesp. Afirmou que eles são priorizados na distribuição das bolsas de iniciação científica do PIBIC apenas por possuírem "medalhas no peito". Ilustrou suas palavras pretendendo colocar medalhas no seu próprio peito. Cena chocante para uma universidade como a USP! Apesar dos protestos de membros da Congregação nenhuma retratação foi apresentada. Afinal, as palavras poderiam ter sido mal escolhidas e não refletir a posição do presidente da comissão de pesquisa. Mas o que se presenciou a seguir foi um silêncio absoluto, confirmando suas convicções.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Em quase toda universidade existem grupos de professores que tentam inverter a escala de valores acadêmicos. Usualmente requerem tratamento igualitário para os desiguais e procuram a todo custo denegrir a imagem dos colegas que obtém sucesso. Querem, por exemplo, que bolsas e verbas sejam distribuídas eqüitativamente entre grupos de pesquisa bem sucedidos e aqueles sem expressão. Querem que todos os docentes tenham os mesmos direitos e obrigações, numa afronta à escala hierárquica que é a razão do sucesso das universidades desde seus primórdios. O objetivo é sempre o mesmo: promover o ensino e a pesquisa de baixa qualidade. Transformar a universidade num mero escolão de terceira categoria e a "pesquisa" numa atividade diletante sem nenhum profissionalismo. Por isso mesmo é muito fácil identificar os locais nos quais o baixo clero predomina. São aquelas instituições inexpressivas e de baixa categoria. Por outro lado, na maior parte das universidades públicas de sucesso, os docentes com bolsa de produtividade em pesquisa, projetos temáticos, institutos do milênio ou pronex, são altamente prestigiados e sempre assumem posições de liderança, como presidências de comissão de pós graduação e de  pesquisa. Isto não acontece no IFUSP. Depois desta reunião ficou a sensação de que devo me envergonhar de ter projetos de pesquisa que se destacam. Que devo esconder o fato de ter bolsa de produtividade em  pesquisa. Que devo, enfim, me nivelar por baixo. Pobre IFUSP. Mas pensando bem, a última reunião da congregação rendeu uma medalha, uma medalha para o baixo clero.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/20452722-2983201586271897551?l=rivelles.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://rivelles.blogspot.com/feeds/2983201586271897551/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=20452722&amp;postID=2983201586271897551' title='1 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20452722/posts/default/2983201586271897551'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20452722/posts/default/2983201586271897551'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://rivelles.blogspot.com/2007/03/os-dois-lados-da-medalha.html' title='Os dois lados da medalha'/><author><name>Victor Rivelles</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13686446138092176062</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>1</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-20452722.post-2999546041618174585</id><published>2007-03-08T10:38:00.000-03:00</published><updated>2007-03-08T10:45:32.782-03:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Bóson de Higgs'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Supersimetria'/><title type='text'>Higgs e Supersimetria</title><content type='html'>Dados coletados no Fermilab podem ser interpretados como evidência de um dos vários bósons de Higgs previstos por uma extensão supersimétrica do modêlo padrão. Se isto se confirmar teríamos duas grandes descobertas feitas simultâneamente: Higgs e supersimetria! De qualquer forma, temos que esperar o LHC para a confirmação. Mais detalhes no &lt;a href="http://physicsweb.org/articles/news/11/3/4/1"&gt;PhysicsWeb&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/20452722-2999546041618174585?l=rivelles.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://rivelles.blogspot.com/feeds/2999546041618174585/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=20452722&amp;postID=2999546041618174585' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20452722/posts/default/2999546041618174585'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20452722/posts/default/2999546041618174585'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://rivelles.blogspot.com/2007/03/higgs-e-supersimetria.html' title='Higgs e Supersimetria'/><author><name>Victor Rivelles</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13686446138092176062</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-20452722.post-4433597422543773331</id><published>2007-03-02T10:05:00.000-03:00</published><updated>2007-03-02T21:21:47.752-03:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Eclipse'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Lua'/><title type='text'>Eclipse da Lua</title><content type='html'>Amanhã, sábado dia 4 de março, poderemos presenciar uma eclipse total da Lua. A eclipse vai começar as 18:30 hs., e o ocultamento total se inicia às 19:44 hs. durando mais de uma hora. Vamor torcer para que o tempo ajude. Mais informações &lt;a href="http://www.jornaldaciencia.org.br/Detalhe.jsp?id=44873"&gt;aqui.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/20452722-4433597422543773331?l=rivelles.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://rivelles.blogspot.com/feeds/4433597422543773331/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=20452722&amp;postID=4433597422543773331' title='3 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20452722/posts/default/4433597422543773331'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20452722/posts/default/4433597422543773331'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://rivelles.blogspot.com/2007/03/eclipse-da-lua.html' title='Eclipse da Lua'/><author><name>Victor Rivelles</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13686446138092176062</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>3</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-20452722.post-2790165698344015148</id><published>2007-02-16T22:39:00.000-02:00</published><updated>2007-02-16T22:59:46.849-02:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='paradoxo da informação'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Buracos negros'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='radiação de Hawking'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Teoria de cordas'/><title type='text'>A Evaporação dos Buracos Negros e a Radiação de Hawking</title><content type='html'>&lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span lang="PT-BR"&gt;Recebi um e-mail pedindo explicações sobre o assunto acima e aí vai a resposta.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;        &lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span lang="PT-BR"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;Quando uma estrela é formada seu futuro é determinado, entre outras coisas, pela sua massa. Estrelas com massa superior a algo entre três e cinco massas solares transformam-se num &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_hole"&gt;buraco negro&lt;/a&gt;. A força gravitacional do buraco negro é tão intensa que a luz por ele produzido não consegue escapar. Daí seu nome. Mais ainda. Qualquer forma de matéria ou radiação que estiver próximo do buraco negro será atraída para seu interior. Como nem a luz consegue sair do buraco negro, qualquer coisa que cair em seu interior ficará eternamente presa. Por isso o seu interior é completamente inacessível. Não é possível, por exemplo, enviar um raio de luz para o buraco negro a fim de enxergarmos o que está acontecendo lá dentro. Esse raio de luz jamais voltaria do buraco negro.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span lang="PT-BR"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;Essa é a imagem que temos do buraco negro de acordo com a relatividade geral. Na década de 70, entretanto, Hawking mostrou que ele não é tão negro assim graças à mecânica quântica. Num campo de força muito intenso, como aquele criado pelo campo gravitacional de um buraco negro, é possível a criação de pares de partícula e antipartícula. Se um dos elementos do par cair no buraco negro o outro será lançado em direção oposta pela conservação do momento. Isto dará origem a uma radiação de partículas que parece emanar do próprio buraco negro. Essa é a famosa &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hawking_Radiation"&gt;radiação de Hawking&lt;/a&gt;. Portanto, o buraco negro pode emitir radiação e não será completamente invisível graças à esse mecanismo. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;    &lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span lang="PT-BR"&gt;Ocorre que a energia também deve ser conservada. Como a partícula emitida tem energia positiva, o seu par, que caiu no buraco negro, tem que ter energia negativa. A existência de partículas com energia negativa, durante um intervalo de tempo muito pequeno, é permitido pelas relações de incerteza da mecânica quântica. &lt;span style=""&gt; &lt;/span&gt;Como conseqüência, além de emitir radiação, a massa do buraco negro também vai diminuindo. Lembre-se que a relatividade restrita não faz distinção entre massa e energia, por isso absorver uma partícula de energia negativa diminuiu a massa do buraco negro. Outra maneira de compreender a perda de massa é lembrar que ele está emitindo partículas. Esse processo de perda de massa continua até não restar mais nada do buraco negro. Ele parece ter-se evaporado completamente, emitindo radiação e não deixando nada atrás de si.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;    &lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span lang="PT-BR"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;A radiação emitida pelo buraco negro é de um tipo especial chamada radiação térmica. Tal tipo de radiação transporta apenas informações genéricas sobre o buraco negro, como sua massa, carga e momento angular. Se, por exemplo, um par de partículas correlacionadas cair no buraco negro, a radiação de Hawking só revelará a massa dessas partículas e a informação sobre sua correlação estará irremediavelmente perdida depois do processo de evaporação. Isso vale para qualquer coisa que caia no buraco negro. Informação é perdida à medida que o buraco negro evapora-se e não é possível recuperá-la. Porém, a mecânica quântica não permite a existência de tais processos onde há perda de informação. Isso violaria um dos preceitos básicos da teoria: a evolução unitária. Este é o &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Information_paradox"&gt;paradoxo da informação&lt;/a&gt; do buraco negro. É um conflito entre a relatividade geral e a mecânica quântica. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span lang="PT-BR"&gt;Muitas propostas foram feitas para resolver o paradoxo da informação. Deve-se ou mudar a mecânica quântica ou mudar a relatividade geral, ou ambas. O sentimento geral entre os pesquisadores de teoria de cordas é que a radiação de Hawking não é perfeitamente térmica, de maneira que a informação nunca é perdida. Em 1997, Hawking, que acreditava que informação pudesse ser destruída pelo buraco negro, fez uma aposta com John Preskill e Kip Thorne, que defendiam a tese de que não havia perda de informação. Em 2004, Hawking reconheceu sua derrota, admitindo que não há perda de informação. Para isso, ele utilizou argumentos da &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AdS/CFT"&gt;correspondência AdS/CFT&lt;/a&gt;, um ramo muito estudado da teoria de cordas. Ele afirma que um buraco negro num espaço de anti-De Sitter é dual a uma teoria de campos conforme que apresenta uma evolução unitária. Portanto, a informação é preservada. Ele ainda não apresentou sua argumentação de forma detalhada de maneira que não é possível analisar sua &lt;a href="http://arxiv.org/abs/hep-th/0507171"&gt;proposta&lt;/a&gt; com profundidade. Hawking pagou sua aposta com uma enciclopédia de baseball, afirmando que deveria ter queimado a enciclopédia e entregue apenas as cinzas, já que seria possível recuperar toda informação à partir delas e da radiação emitida durante a queima.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;O problema da informação está discutido no capítulo 4 do livro &lt;span style="font-style: italic;"&gt;O Universo Numa Casca de Noz&lt;/span&gt; do próprio Hawking.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span lang="PT-BR"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/20452722-2790165698344015148?l=rivelles.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://rivelles.blogspot.com/feeds/2790165698344015148/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=20452722&amp;postID=2790165698344015148' title='1 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20452722/posts/default/2790165698344015148'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20452722/posts/default/2790165698344015148'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://rivelles.blogspot.com/2007/02/evaporao-dos-buracos-negros-e-radiao-de.html' title='A Evaporação dos Buracos Negros e a Radiação de Hawking'/><author><name>Victor Rivelles</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13686446138092176062</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>1</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-20452722.post-2178901944014672957</id><published>2007-02-13T18:26:00.000-02:00</published><updated>2007-02-14T09:16:50.261-02:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Época'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Teoria de cordas'/><title type='text'>Teoria de Cordas na Época</title><content type='html'>Na revista &lt;a href="http://revistaepoca.globo.com/Revista/Epoca/0,,EGD249-5855,00.html"&gt;Época&lt;/a&gt; desta semana há um artigo com o título "Nem errado é...". Infelizmente o acesso pela internet é apenas para assinantes da revista.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;O título é uma tradução literal do nome do blog e do livro de Peter Woit, "Not Even Wrong". De fato, a tradução mais apropriada deveria ser "Sequer Está Errado!" e este fato já antecipa o que vai ser encontrado no texto do artigo. Coisas como "físicos respeitados consideram que a Teoria das Cordas não passa de uma grande bobagem" formam a chamada para o artigo.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Apesar reporter Luciana Vicária ter conversado comigo, pedindo vários esclarecimentos, o texto final enfatiza demais as críticas de Woit e de Lee Smolin, que estão contidas nos livros dos dois. Tentei dizer a ela que eles não representam a opinião da grande maioria dos físicos mas parece que não tive sucesso. Aparentemente ela conversou com Brian Greene, o autor do "Universo Elegante", mas seus argumentos receberam pouco espaço no texto, apesar de haver dois boxes do mesmo tamanho, um para o Brian e outro para o Peter. Dois grandes lapsos podem ser facilmente detectados. O primeiro é a afirmação de que a teoria de cordas produz 10.500 versões diferentes do nosso universo. Na verdade o número é muito maior: 10&lt;sup&gt;500&lt;/sup&gt; e não 10.500. O segundo é a afirmação de que ela coletou informações no blog do Witten. Ele não possui blog.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Esta semana deverá aparecer um artigo na Folha comentando o &lt;a href="http://arxiv.org/abs/hep-ph/0604255"&gt;trabalho de Jacques Distler&lt;/a&gt; de como detectar sinais da teoria de cordas no LHC. Aguardem! Esse artigo é muito melhor.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/20452722-2178901944014672957?l=rivelles.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://rivelles.blogspot.com/feeds/2178901944014672957/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=20452722&amp;postID=2178901944014672957' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20452722/posts/default/2178901944014672957'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20452722/posts/default/2178901944014672957'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://rivelles.blogspot.com/2007/02/teoria-de-cordas-na-poca.html' title='Teoria de Cordas na Época'/><author><name>Victor Rivelles</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13686446138092176062</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-20452722.post-448712052411441454</id><published>2007-02-10T20:38:00.000-02:00</published><updated>2007-02-10T20:55:25.076-02:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='physics school'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='IFT'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='supergravity'/><title type='text'>Joint Holland-IFT School on Theoretical Physics</title><content type='html'>A &lt;a href="http://www.ift.unesp.br/holland/"&gt;school for Dutch and Brazilian&lt;/a&gt; graduate students  in theoretical physics held in &lt;span onclick="BLOG_clickHandler(this)" class="blsp-spelling-error" id="SPELLING_ERROR_0"&gt;São&lt;/span&gt; Paulo ended yesterday. It is a traditional school in Netherlands but this year they decided to move it to Brazil, one week at the &lt;a href="http://rivelles.blogspot.com/2007/02/swieca-school-2007.html#links"&gt;&lt;span onclick="BLOG_clickHandler(this)" class="blsp-spelling-error" id="SPELLING_ERROR_1"&gt;Swieca&lt;/span&gt; School&lt;/a&gt; and one more week at the &lt;a href="http://www.ift.unesp.br/"&gt;&lt;span onclick="BLOG_clickHandler(this)" class="blsp-spelling-error" id="SPELLING_ERROR_2"&gt;Instituto&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span onclick="BLOG_clickHandler(this)" class="blsp-spelling-error" id="SPELLING_ERROR_3"&gt;de&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span onclick="BLOG_clickHandler(this)" class="blsp-spelling-error" id="SPELLING_ERROR_4"&gt;Física&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span onclick="BLOG_clickHandler(this)" class="blsp-spelling-error" id="SPELLING_ERROR_5"&gt;Teórica&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt; in &lt;span onclick="BLOG_clickHandler(this)" class="blsp-spelling-error" id="SPELLING_ERROR_6"&gt;São&lt;/span&gt; Paulo. It was opened with a talk by Gerard &lt;span onclick="BLOG_clickHandler(this)" class="blsp-spelling-error" id="SPELLING_ERROR_7"&gt;t'Hooft&lt;/span&gt; about the instability in his model of baryons made of three strings. Then two lectures went on. One by Jan &lt;span onclick="BLOG_clickHandler(this)" class="blsp-spelling-error" id="SPELLING_ERROR_8"&gt;Smit&lt;/span&gt; on finite temperature field theory and the second by Bernard &lt;span onclick="BLOG_clickHandler(this)" class="blsp-spelling-error" id="SPELLING_ERROR_9"&gt;de&lt;/span&gt; Wit on entropy of black holes in N=2 &lt;span onclick="BLOG_clickHandler(this)" class="blsp-spelling-error" id="SPELLING_ERROR_10"&gt;supergravity&lt;/span&gt;. I attended the last lecture. It was quite useful. Bernard discussed many topics in detail but without too many calculations. I think it was hard for the students but I liked it. There were also problem solving sessions and talks presented by the students but I skipped most of them.,&lt;span style=";font-family:Verdana;font-size:10;"  lang="EN-GB" &gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/20452722-448712052411441454?l=rivelles.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://rivelles.blogspot.com/feeds/448712052411441454/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=20452722&amp;postID=448712052411441454' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20452722/posts/default/448712052411441454'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20452722/posts/default/448712052411441454'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://rivelles.blogspot.com/2007/02/joint-holland-ift-school-on-theoretical.html' title='Joint Holland-IFT School on Theoretical Physics'/><author><name>Victor Rivelles</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13686446138092176062</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-20452722.post-8924633051386258231</id><published>2007-02-05T14:33:00.000-02:00</published><updated>2007-02-05T14:33:08.781-02:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='string theory'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Swieca School'/><title type='text'>Swieca School 2007</title><content type='html'>A traditional school in high energy physics is held in Brazil every two years. It is addressed to graduate students and young researchers in field theory, phenomenology and experimental high energy physics. This year the &lt;a href="http://www.sbf1.sbfisica.org.br/eventos/evjas-pc/xiv/index.shtml"&gt;Swieca School&lt;/a&gt; took place in Campos do Jordão from January 21 to February 2. I went for the last week. The program and some lecture notes can be found &lt;a href="http://www.sbf1.sbfisica.org.br/eventos/evjas-pc/xiv/programa.shtml"&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The first week was dedicated to introductory courses while the second week to advanced ones. On the theoretical side we had in the second week Gerard t'Hooft talking about unitarity in perturbative field theory, Hiroshi Ooguri lecturing on topological strings, and Kostas Skenderis on AdS/CFT. At the end of the day there was a discussion session with all lecturers present.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;By far, Gerard's lectures was the most attractive of them all. He was talking about conventional field theory and how to group together diagrams to show unitarity. He was very patient and gentle when answering questions, even the most elementary ones. He touched many historical developments in field theory, like dispersion relations, the decay of π&lt;sup&gt;0&lt;/sup&gt; into two γ's and the chiral anomaly, and even string theory in its old days.  In the discussion session most of the questions was addressed to him. Many interesting comments pop out . It was very interesting to see a Nobel prize commenting on many aspects of quantum field theory and even string theory. At a certain point he was asked to comment about the statement usually heard that a black hole in a quantum gravity theory is the analogue of the hydrogen atom in quantum mechanics. He remarked that this would be true for the Schwarzschild black hole and added that no quantum gravity theory is available. Kostas said that we can understand black holes in string theory in terms of D-branes. This was a moment of tension between the two. Gerard  replied that only BPS black holes have such a description and that the real challenge is to describe the Schwarzschild black hole. Kostas then said that Schwarzschild black holes are technically very difficult to be treated but Gerard insisted that it may not be a technical problem but a  matter of principle. That was the only tense moment in the school. And maybe Gerard has a point here.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/20452722-8924633051386258231?l=rivelles.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://rivelles.blogspot.com/feeds/8924633051386258231/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=20452722&amp;postID=8924633051386258231' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20452722/posts/default/8924633051386258231'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20452722/posts/default/8924633051386258231'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://rivelles.blogspot.com/2007/02/swieca-school-2007.html' title='Swieca School 2007'/><author><name>Victor Rivelles</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13686446138092176062</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-20452722.post-4861659058930008956</id><published>2007-02-02T11:47:00.000-02:00</published><updated>2007-02-02T12:04:28.044-02:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='ensino de física'/><title type='text'>Simpósio Nacional de Ensino de Física</title><content type='html'>Este ano o &lt;a href="http://www.sbf1.sbfisica.org.br/eventos/snef/xvii/"&gt;XVII Simpósio Nacional de Ensino de Física&lt;/a&gt; foi realizado em São Luis, Maranhão. É um evento enorme, com cerca de 2000 participantes, que inclui os grupos de ensino de física das universidades, alunos de licenciatura e os professores de física das escolas locais. Por algum motivo, foram realizados dois colóquios sobre física não relacionada ao ensino. O Silvio Salinas apresentou um seminário sobre entropia e eu um sobre teoria de cordas (o colóquio pode ser encontrado &lt;a href="http://www.fma.if.usp.br/%7Erivelles/Seminars/snef.pdf"&gt;aqui&lt;/a&gt;).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Acho bastante salutar que a área de ensino de física procure colocar em contacto alunos de licenciatura e professores de física com pesquisadores atuantes, de forma que os primeiros possam ter alguma noção do que está acontecendo na fronteira da física. Como mencionei em minha apresentação, deve ser muito embaraçoso quando o Fantástico ou algum jornal traz uma matéria sobre buracos negros, matéria escura, nanofísica, teoria de cordas ou qualquer assunto de fronteira e no dia seguinte um aluno pede mais informações para seu professor de física e este sente-se incapaz de responder. Espero que esta iniciativa de convidar pesquisadores ativos continue nos próximos simpósios.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/20452722-4861659058930008956?l=rivelles.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://rivelles.blogspot.com/feeds/4861659058930008956/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=20452722&amp;postID=4861659058930008956' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20452722/posts/default/4861659058930008956'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20452722/posts/default/4861659058930008956'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://rivelles.blogspot.com/2007/02/simpsio-nacional-de-ensino-de-fsica.html' title='Simpósio Nacional de Ensino de Física'/><author><name>Victor Rivelles</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13686446138092176062</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-20452722.post-1977108286874749598</id><published>2007-01-25T23:57:00.000-02:00</published><updated>2008-12-10T03:19:13.562-02:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Cometa McNaught'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Bariloche'/><title type='text'>Cometa McNaught em Bariloche</title><content type='html'>&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_HhdXdtu4eYc/RblgiYkhYBI/AAAAAAAAAAk/DT9rNFKSclo/s1600-h/Picture+043.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; float: left; cursor: pointer;" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_HhdXdtu4eYc/RblgiYkhYBI/AAAAAAAAAAk/DT9rNFKSclo/s320/Picture+043.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5024153003135950866" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;Clique na foto para ver mais detalhes. A foto foi tirada com uma camera digital automática e infelizmente a cauda do cometa não pode ser capturada em todo seu esplendor. Ao vivo é impressionante!!!&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Dia 25/01/07, 8mm,  f/2.6, 2 s, ISO-100&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/20452722-1977108286874749598?l=rivelles.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://rivelles.blogspot.com/feeds/1977108286874749598/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=20452722&amp;postID=1977108286874749598' title='1 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20452722/posts/default/1977108286874749598'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20452722/posts/default/1977108286874749598'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://rivelles.blogspot.com/2007/01/cometa-mcnaught-em-bariloche.html' title='Cometa McNaught em Bariloche'/><author><name>Victor Rivelles</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13686446138092176062</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_HhdXdtu4eYc/RblgiYkhYBI/AAAAAAAAAAk/DT9rNFKSclo/s72-c/Picture+043.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>1</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-20452722.post-8354001745885072513</id><published>2007-01-25T19:32:00.000-02:00</published><updated>2008-12-10T03:19:13.894-02:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='string theory'/><title type='text'>Applications of string theory</title><content type='html'>String theory is very much criticized for not making contact with experimental results. I don't think this is enough reason to abandon it. After all, it has general relativity and gauge theory in it! Anyway, in the &lt;a href="http://rivelles.blogspot.com/2007/01/latin-american-school-on-strings-2007.html#links"&gt;Latin American String School&lt;/a&gt;, which is just ending in Bariloche, the students  received a kit to remind them how important the applications of strings are. See the picture below. The title in Spanish&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;reads&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt; Applications of String Theory.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_HhdXdtu4eYc/RbklhIkhYAI/AAAAAAAAAAY/0oCkqzNYEKY/s1600-h/Picture+043.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer;" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_HhdXdtu4eYc/RbklhIkhYAI/AAAAAAAAAAY/0oCkqzNYEKY/s320/Picture+043.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5024088110475075586" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/20452722-8354001745885072513?l=rivelles.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://rivelles.blogspot.com/feeds/8354001745885072513/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=20452722&amp;postID=8354001745885072513' title='2 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20452722/posts/default/8354001745885072513'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20452722/posts/default/8354001745885072513'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://rivelles.blogspot.com/2007/01/applications-of-string-theory.html' title='Applications of string theory'/><author><name>Victor Rivelles</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13686446138092176062</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_HhdXdtu4eYc/RbklhIkhYAI/AAAAAAAAAAY/0oCkqzNYEKY/s72-c/Picture+043.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>2</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-20452722.post-282938931902757782</id><published>2007-01-22T22:52:00.000-02:00</published><updated>2007-01-22T23:47:19.544-02:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='string theory'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Bariloche'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='McNaught comet'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='string school'/><title type='text'>Latin American School on Strings 2007</title><content type='html'>Every two or three years a string school is being held in Latin America since 1998. The first school happened in Cuba, then in Mexico in 2000, &lt;a href="http://www.ift.unesp.br/LASS2003/index.html"&gt;São Paulo&lt;/a&gt; in 2003 and now in &lt;a href="http://cabtep5.cnea.gov.ar/workshops/lass07/"&gt;Bariloche&lt;/a&gt;, Argentina.  It is addressed to graduate students and physicists or mathematicians living in Latin America. There are around 80 participants this time. It is funded by ICTP and regional research agencies. The program can be found &lt;a href="http://www2.blogger.com/.http://cabtep5.cnea.gov.ar/workshops/lass07/horarios.html"&gt;here&lt;/a&gt; and some lectures notes are already available &lt;a href="http://cabtep5.cnea.gov.ar/workshops/lass07/lectures.html"&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Bariloche is a very famous sky resort in South America. Right now it is summer (we are in the south!) but somewhat surprisingly it is also high season and the town in crowded with tourists. All hotels are full up. It is a small town with many mountains, lakes, nice people and where the McNaught comet can easily be seen if you can get rid of the mountains. I saw it yesterday in a completely cloudless night. It was splendid. Its tail is incredible huge. Unfortunately all pictures taken were not good. It is raining today so no hope to see it again.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The school started two weeks ago with the more elementary courses. So I came only for the last week. Today was a quite good day. Tomas Ortin gave a very clear lecture on p-branes, T-duality and Killing spinors. Carlos Nunez talked about AdS/CFT. As usual he did not write many formulae, he tried to explain the ideas instead. Today he explained the global symmetries in the AdS&lt;sub&gt;5&lt;/sub&gt;XS&lt;sup&gt;5&lt;/sup&gt; case and then started to talk about Wilson loops and confining theories. Fernando Marchesano started his set of lectures on string phenomenology so today he only gave a review on the standard model. The last lecture was by Angel Uranga. He started to talk about flux compactification beginning with Calabi-Yau and explaining why you should turn on the B&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; and C&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; fields in IIB theories. At some point it became a bit technical and many students clearly get lost.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;As you probably noticed all speakers for this week are Latin (but not necessarily from or leaving in Latin America). That is the idea.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/20452722-282938931902757782?l=rivelles.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://rivelles.blogspot.com/feeds/282938931902757782/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=20452722&amp;postID=282938931902757782' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20452722/posts/default/282938931902757782'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20452722/posts/default/282938931902757782'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://rivelles.blogspot.com/2007/01/latin-american-school-on-strings-2007.html' title='Latin American School on Strings 2007'/><author><name>Victor Rivelles</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13686446138092176062</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-20452722.post-5856716864063771757</id><published>2007-01-17T10:56:00.000-02:00</published><updated>2007-01-17T11:01:06.565-02:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='pós-graduação'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='universidade'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='criacionismo'/><title type='text'>Curso de Pós-Graduação em Criacionismo</title><content type='html'>Uma &lt;a href="http://www.unasp.edu.br/"&gt;universidade&lt;/a&gt; (sic) adventista está oferecendo um curso de &lt;a href="http://www.scb.org.br/eventos/posCriac/pos.asp"&gt;pós-graduação em criacionismo&lt;/a&gt;!!!&lt;br /&gt;O que a CAPES tem a dizer?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;(Via &lt;a href="http://ofteninerror.blogspot.com/2007/01/creationism-in-brazil.html"&gt;Often in Error&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/20452722-5856716864063771757?l=rivelles.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://rivelles.blogspot.com/feeds/5856716864063771757/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=20452722&amp;postID=5856716864063771757' title='4 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20452722/posts/default/5856716864063771757'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20452722/posts/default/5856716864063771757'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://rivelles.blogspot.com/2007/01/curso-de-ps-graduao-em-criacionismo.html' title='Curso de Pós-Graduação em Criacionismo'/><author><name>Victor Rivelles</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13686446138092176062</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>4</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-20452722.post-5804662789265241967</id><published>2007-01-17T10:46:00.000-02:00</published><updated>2007-01-17T10:54:36.367-02:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='extra dimensions'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='string theory'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Newtons law'/><title type='text'>Extra Dimensions in Scientific American</title><content type='html'>A small &lt;a href="http://www.sciam.com/article.cfm?chanID=sa003&amp;amp;articleID=2D3D296B-E7F2-99DF-3D73118D0D9F5D10"&gt;article &lt;/a&gt;in Scientific American comments on the attempts to find extra dimensions by the Washington group. There is also an article in &lt;a href="http://physicsweb.org/articles/news/11/1/12/1?rss=2.0"&gt;PhysicsWeb&lt;/a&gt;. They are testing Newton's gravity law at the scale of some micrometers. More &lt;span onclick="BLOG_clickHandler(this)" class="blsp-spelling-corrected" id="SPELLING_ERROR_0"&gt;details&lt;/span&gt; &lt;a href="http://rivelles.blogspot.com/2006/11/no-extra-dimensions-found-yet.html#links"&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/20452722-5804662789265241967?l=rivelles.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://rivelles.blogspot.com/feeds/5804662789265241967/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=20452722&amp;postID=5804662789265241967' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20452722/posts/default/5804662789265241967'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20452722/posts/default/5804662789265241967'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://rivelles.blogspot.com/2007/01/extra-dimensions-in-scientific-american.html' title='Extra Dimensions in Scientific American'/><author><name>Victor Rivelles</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13686446138092176062</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-20452722.post-5642368600949093339</id><published>2007-01-17T10:35:00.000-02:00</published><updated>2007-01-17T10:45:18.031-02:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Brasil'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='McNaught'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Cometa'/><title type='text'>Cometa McNaught visivel em São Paulo</title><content type='html'>Apesar da poluição, das luzes e das nuvens, o cometa finalmente pode ser visto ontem, no início da noite, da Praça do Pôr do Sol, em São Paulo. Apenas por alguns minutos, devido as nuvens. Mas magnífico. Com um binóculo de baixa resolução foi possĩvel ver os detalhes da cauda do cometa. Deu tempo de tirar uma foto mas o cometa aparece de forma muito tenue. Hoje o dia está nublado e deve chover. Vamos aguardar os próximos dias.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/20452722-5642368600949093339?l=rivelles.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://rivelles.blogspot.com/feeds/5642368600949093339/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=20452722&amp;postID=5642368600949093339' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20452722/posts/default/5642368600949093339'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20452722/posts/default/5642368600949093339'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://rivelles.blogspot.com/2007/01/cometa-mcnaught-visivel-em-so-paulo.html' title='Cometa McNaught visivel em São Paulo'/><author><name>Victor Rivelles</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13686446138092176062</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-20452722.post-3601763660152165127</id><published>2007-01-16T13:52:00.000-02:00</published><updated>2007-01-16T14:00:54.676-02:00</updated><title type='text'>Snap</title><content type='html'>Now you can preview any webpage without leaving this page. Just put your mouse in the link to get a preview. Try my &lt;a href="http://www.fma.if.usp.br/%7Erivelles/Index.html"&gt;homepage&lt;/a&gt; or the site where you can get &lt;a href="http://www.snap.com/about/spa1A.php"&gt;snap&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/20452722-3601763660152165127?l=rivelles.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://rivelles.blogspot.com/feeds/3601763660152165127/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=20452722&amp;postID=3601763660152165127' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20452722/posts/default/3601763660152165127'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20452722/posts/default/3601763660152165127'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://rivelles.blogspot.com/2007/01/snap.html' title='Snap'/><author><name>Victor Rivelles</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13686446138092176062</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-20452722.post-1894648267175333554</id><published>2007-01-12T11:24:00.000-02:00</published><updated>2007-01-17T10:43:42.407-02:00</updated><title type='text'>Cometa McNaught</title><content type='html'>Um novo cometa nos céu! O &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comet_McNaught"&gt;cometa McNaught&lt;/a&gt; já é visível a olho nú no &lt;a href="http://www.nasa.gov/vision/universe/solarsystem/comet_mcnaught.html"&gt;hemisfério norte&lt;/a&gt;. Dentro de alguns dias será visível no hemisfério sul. Atualmente sua magnitude é -3, muito maior do que o esperado. Lembre-se que quanto menor a magnitude mais brilhante é o objeto. A estrela mais brilhante, Sirius, tem magnitude -1.4 enquanto a lua cheia tem -12.7. No Brasil, o cometa deverá ser completamente visível à partir do dia 15 de janeiro. Quanto mais ao sul voce estiver, mais fácil será observa-lo. Um mapa para a localização do cometa, depois do por do sol, em Florianópolis, pode ser encontrado &lt;a href="http://www.reabrasil.org/cometa/06p1.htm"&gt;aqui&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;UPDATE: Mais informações, em ingles, podem ser encontradas &lt;a href="http://skytonight.com/observing/highlights/5133461.html"&gt;aqui&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://media.skytonight.com/images/McNaught_S_Hemis.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; float: left; cursor: pointer; width: 320px;" src="http://media.skytonight.com/images/McNaught_S_Hemis.jpg" alt="" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;O cometa poderá ser encontrado logo depois do por do sol, por volta das 20:30 hs., perto do horizonte, na direção sudoeste, como mostrado na figura ao lado. A latitude de São Paulo é cerca de 23&lt;sup&gt;o&lt;/sup&gt;.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Boa sorte!&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;UPDATE: O cometa já está &lt;a href="http://rivelles.blogspot.com/2007/01/cometa-mcnaught-visivel-em-so-paulo.html#links"&gt;visível em São Paulo!&lt;/a&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/20452722-1894648267175333554?l=rivelles.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://rivelles.blogspot.com/feeds/1894648267175333554/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=20452722&amp;postID=1894648267175333554' title='3 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20452722/posts/default/1894648267175333554'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20452722/posts/default/1894648267175333554'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://rivelles.blogspot.com/2007/01/cometa-mcnaught.html' title='Cometa McNaught'/><author><name>Victor Rivelles</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13686446138092176062</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>3</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-20452722.post-7728706909100407529</id><published>2007-01-09T15:40:00.000-02:00</published><updated>2007-01-09T15:43:35.754-02:00</updated><title type='text'>Quem lutará para que a educação no Brasil eduque?</title><content type='html'>Destaque para o artigo de Roberto Mangabeira Unger na Folha de hoje: &lt;a href="http://www.jornaldaciencia.org.br/Detalhe.jsp?id=43626"&gt;Ensino que ensine&lt;/a&gt;!&lt;span class="down" style="display: block;" id="formatbar_CreateLink" title="Link" onmouseover="ButtonHoverOn(this);" onmouseout="ButtonHoverOff(this);" onmouseup="" onmousedown="CheckFormatting(event);FormatbarButton('richeditorframe', this, 8);ButtonMouseDown(this);"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="" style="display: block;" id="formatbar_CreateLink" title="Link" onmouseover="ButtonHoverOn(this);" onmouseout="ButtonHoverOff(this);" onmouseup="" onmousedown="CheckFormatting(event);FormatbarButton('richeditorframe', this, 8);ButtonMouseDown(this);"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/20452722-7728706909100407529?l=rivelles.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://rivelles.blogspot.com/feeds/7728706909100407529/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=20452722&amp;postID=7728706909100407529' title='4 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20452722/posts/default/7728706909100407529'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20452722/posts/default/7728706909100407529'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://rivelles.blogspot.com/2007/01/quem-lutar-para-que-educao-no-brasil.html' title='Quem lutará para que a educação no Brasil eduque?'/><author><name>Victor Rivelles</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13686446138092176062</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>4</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-20452722.post-3145746785506031035</id><published>2007-01-08T17:00:00.000-02:00</published><updated>2007-01-08T17:06:44.651-02:00</updated><title type='text'>Stephan Hawking quer viajar no espaço</title><content type='html'>O famoso físico Stephan Hawking vai fazer uma viagem ao espaço em 2009 pela Virgin Galatic, a companhia que pretende oferecer pacotes turísticos espaciais à partir de 2008. Isso apesar da deficiência física de Hawking. É claro que se trata de um lance promocional da Virgin Galatic. Vamos ver no que vai dar. Leia a reportagem completa no &lt;a href="http://www.jornaldaciencia.org.br/Detalhe.jsp?id=43582"&gt;Jornal da Ciência&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/20452722-3145746785506031035?l=rivelles.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://rivelles.blogspot.com/feeds/3145746785506031035/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=20452722&amp;postID=3145746785506031035' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20452722/posts/default/3145746785506031035'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20452722/posts/default/3145746785506031035'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://rivelles.blogspot.com/2007/01/stephan-hawking-quer-viajar-no-espao.html' title='Stephan Hawking quer viajar no espaço'/><author><name>Victor Rivelles</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13686446138092176062</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-20452722.post-3391097944756208866</id><published>2007-01-08T16:47:00.000-02:00</published><updated>2007-01-08T16:59:45.936-02:00</updated><title type='text'>Mapa da Matéria Escura</title><content type='html'>&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://www.nasa.gov/images/content/166618main1_matter_dist_sm.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; float: left; cursor: pointer; width: 320px;" src="http://www.nasa.gov/images/content/166618main1_matter_dist_sm.jpg" alt="" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Dados do Hubble são utilizados para fazer um mapa tridimensional da matéria escura numa região do céu equivalente a nove vezes o diâmetro da Lua! Foram encontradas regiões de filamentos de matéria escura que se cruzam nos aglomerados de galáxia. Veja o &lt;a href="http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/hubble/news/clumpy_darkmatter.html"&gt;site da NASA,&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sci/tech/6235751.stm"&gt;a reportagem da BBC,&lt;/a&gt; e  da &lt;a href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sci/tech/6235751.stm"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.jornaldaciencia.org.br/Detalhe.jsp?id=43610"&gt;Folha.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span class="" style="display: block;" id="formatbar_CreateLink" title="Link" onmouseover="ButtonHoverOn(this);" onmouseout="ButtonHoverOff(this);" onmouseup="" onmousedown="CheckFormatting(event);FormatbarButton('richeditorframe', this, 8);ButtonMouseDown(this);"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="text-decoration: underline;"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.jornaldaciencia.org.br/Detalhe.jsp?id=43610"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/20452722-3391097944756208866?l=rivelles.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://rivelles.blogspot.com/feeds/3391097944756208866/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=20452722&amp;postID=3391097944756208866' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20452722/posts/default/3391097944756208866'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20452722/posts/default/3391097944756208866'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://rivelles.blogspot.com/2007/01/mapa-da-matria-escura.html' title='Mapa da Matéria Escura'/><author><name>Victor Rivelles</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13686446138092176062</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-20452722.post-1482948325489903659</id><published>2006-12-31T22:30:00.000-02:00</published><updated>2006-12-31T22:34:45.980-02:00</updated><title type='text'>Happy New Year</title><content type='html'>&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://www.pousadamardosantinho.com.br/imagens/floripa.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; float: left; cursor: pointer; width: 320px;" src="http://www.pousadamardosantinho.com.br/imagens/floripa.jpg" alt="" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Happy 2007 to everyone!!!&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/20452722-1482948325489903659?l=rivelles.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://rivelles.blogspot.com/feeds/1482948325489903659/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=20452722&amp;postID=1482948325489903659' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20452722/posts/default/1482948325489903659'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20452722/posts/default/1482948325489903659'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://rivelles.blogspot.com/2006/12/happy-new-year.html' title='Happy New Year'/><author><name>Victor Rivelles</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13686446138092176062</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-20452722.post-6691940754191664241</id><published>2006-12-24T15:56:00.000-02:00</published><updated>2008-12-10T03:19:20.010-02:00</updated><title type='text'>Happy Xmas</title><content type='html'>&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_HhdXdtu4eYc/RY6_izqaSDI/AAAAAAAAAAM/BMBZgx9IaAI/s1600-h/natal_ibirapuera.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; float: left; cursor: pointer;" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_HhdXdtu4eYc/RY6_izqaSDI/AAAAAAAAAAM/BMBZgx9IaAI/s320/natal_ibirapuera.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5012154040014489650" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;A very happy Xmas to you all! Not many posts lately since I was quite busy. Now I will take some days off and the posts will come back!&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/20452722-6691940754191664241?l=rivelles.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://rivelles.blogspot.com/feeds/6691940754191664241/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=20452722&amp;postID=6691940754191664241' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20452722/posts/default/6691940754191664241'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20452722/posts/default/6691940754191664241'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://rivelles.blogspot.com/2006/12/happy-xmas.html' title='Happy Xmas'/><author><name>Victor Rivelles</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13686446138092176062</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_HhdXdtu4eYc/RY6_izqaSDI/AAAAAAAAAAM/BMBZgx9IaAI/s72-c/natal_ibirapuera.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-20452722.post-5288984090440992680</id><published>2006-12-11T14:20:00.000-02:00</published><updated>2006-12-11T14:30:58.751-02:00</updated><title type='text'>Os analfabetos em ciência</title><content type='html'>É bastante preocupante o nível de alfabetização científica no mundo inteiro, inclusive no Brasil. Apesar do progresso gerado pela ciência na vida cotidiana, a crescente onda de religiosidade e esoterismo mostra que não somos capazes de convencer o cidadão comum à abandonar superstições e crenças sem fundamento. O que mais espanta é que o nível de ignorância científica espalha-se na área acadêmica, principalmente em humanas. Se o relato deste &lt;a href="http://cosmicvariance.com/2006/12/08/irony-on-npr/"&gt;blog&lt;/a&gt; estivesse se referindo a um professor de humanas da USP ou qualquer outra universidade brasileira, não me causaria admiração. No entanto, trata-se de um professor de Harvard!&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/20452722-5288984090440992680?l=rivelles.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://rivelles.blogspot.com/feeds/5288984090440992680/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=20452722&amp;postID=5288984090440992680' title='3 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20452722/posts/default/5288984090440992680'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20452722/posts/default/5288984090440992680'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://rivelles.blogspot.com/2006/12/os-analfabetos-em-cincia.html' title='Os analfabetos em ciência'/><author><name>Victor Rivelles</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13686446138092176062</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>3</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-20452722.post-8576160487954491507</id><published>2006-12-11T14:04:00.000-02:00</published><updated>2006-12-11T14:20:10.906-02:00</updated><title type='text'>Polchinski entra no jogo</title><content type='html'>A controvérsia sobre a teoria de cordas, gerada pelo lançamento dos livros de Peter Woit e Lee Smolin, e que foi assunto da Folha e discutido &lt;a href="http://rivelles.blogspot.com/2006/11/teoria-de-cordas-na-capa-do-mais_05.html#links"&gt;anteriormente&lt;/a&gt; neste blog, tem mais um capítulo. Joe Polchinski, um dos mais famosos pesquisadores da área, descobridor das D-branas, e autor do famoso livro de dois volumes sobre teoria de cordas, fez a resenha dos livros de Woit e Smolin para o American Scientist. A resenha pode ser acessada no &lt;a href="http://cosmicvariance.com/2006/12/07/guest-blogger-joe-polchinski-on-the-string-debates/"&gt;Cosmic Variance&lt;/a&gt;.  É muito interessante,  detalhada e com várias notas de rodapé. Uma delas, onde faz críticas às teorias de relatividade especial duplas, aquelas que possuem o comprimento de Planck e a velocidade da luz como invariantes, está gerando um discussão bastante interessante no blog &lt;a href="http://backreaction.blogspot.com/2006/12/deformed-special-relativity.html"&gt;Backreaction&lt;/a&gt; e no do &lt;a href="http://motls.blogspot.com/2006/12/lorentz-violation-and-deformed-special.html"&gt;Lubos&lt;/a&gt;. A conferir.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/20452722-8576160487954491507?l=rivelles.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://rivelles.blogspot.com/feeds/8576160487954491507/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=20452722&amp;postID=8576160487954491507' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20452722/posts/default/8576160487954491507'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20452722/posts/default/8576160487954491507'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://rivelles.blogspot.com/2006/12/polchinski-entra-no-jogo.html' title='Polchinski entra no jogo'/><author><name>Victor Rivelles</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13686446138092176062</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-20452722.post-6574799845818165228</id><published>2006-11-30T17:56:00.000-02:00</published><updated>2006-11-30T17:59:08.771-02:00</updated><title type='text'>Medir distâncias com barômetros, massas com galvanômetros, voltagens com cronômetros</title><content type='html'>Um link para um artigo muito interessante do Paulo Murilo acerca dos &lt;a href="http://www.sbf1.sbfisica.org.br/boletim/lemensagem.asp?msgId=85"&gt;caminhos da física brasileira&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/20452722-6574799845818165228?l=rivelles.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://rivelles.blogspot.com/feeds/6574799845818165228/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=20452722&amp;postID=6574799845818165228' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20452722/posts/default/6574799845818165228'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20452722/posts/default/6574799845818165228'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://rivelles.blogspot.com/2006/11/medir-distncias-com-barmetros-massas.html' title='Medir distâncias com barômetros, massas com galvanômetros, voltagens com cronômetros'/><author><name>Victor Rivelles</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13686446138092176062</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-20452722.post-3716001680957699368</id><published>2006-11-25T10:59:00.000-02:00</published><updated>2006-11-25T11:13:47.706-02:00</updated><title type='text'>AdS/CFT e RHIC</title><content type='html'>A correspondência AdS/CFT permite o estudo da teoria de gauge com N=4 supersimetrias usando-se uma teoria de cordas num espaço de anti-De Sitter. O regime de acoplamento forte da teoria de gauge corresponde ao regime de acoplamento fraco da teoria de cordas. Dessa forma, o setor não perturbativo da teoria de gauge pode ser explorado. É possível também estudar casos com menos supersimetrias. Uma vertente que tem crescido nos últimos anos é o estudo da QCD através da correspondência. Um resultado importante apareceu alguns meses atrás. Parece ser possível descrever algumas das características do comportamento do plasma de quarks e glúons detectados no RHIC utilizando-se a correspondência. Segundo &lt;a href="http://backreaction.blogspot.com/2006/11/more-on-adscft-and-rhic.html"&gt;Bee&lt;/a&gt;, o pessoal mais velho da área de física nuclear anda fazendo piadas sobre o pessoal de cordas. Era de se esperar! Leia também uma explição mais detalhada escrita pelo &lt;a href="http://motls.blogspot.com/2006/11/heavy-ion-physics-and-adsqcd.html#links"&gt;Lubos&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/20452722-3716001680957699368?l=rivelles.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://rivelles.blogspot.com/feeds/3716001680957699368/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=20452722&amp;postID=3716001680957699368' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20452722/posts/default/3716001680957699368'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20452722/posts/default/3716001680957699368'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://rivelles.blogspot.com/2006/11/adscft-e-rhic.html' title='AdS/CFT e RHIC'/><author><name>Victor Rivelles</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13686446138092176062</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-20452722.post-463361582825984874</id><published>2006-11-19T19:34:00.000-02:00</published><updated>2006-11-19T19:51:08.234-02:00</updated><title type='text'>Ciência versus Religião</title><content type='html'>Via &lt;a href="http://cosmicvariance.com/2006/11/19/natalie-angiers-god-problem/"&gt;Cosmic Variance&lt;/a&gt;, um link para um &lt;a href="http://www.edge.org/3rd_culture/angier06/angier06_index.html"&gt;artigo de Natalie Angier&lt;/a&gt;, autora de vários artigos sobre ciência. Até que ponto os cientistas devem afirmar que religião e ciência podem conviver harmoniosamente? Porque insistimos em ensinar na escola a evolução Darwiniana mas silenciamos quando ensinam que Jesus morreu e ressuscitou, ou que há vida após a morte, ou outras superstições do genero?&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/20452722-463361582825984874?l=rivelles.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://rivelles.blogspot.com/feeds/463361582825984874/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=20452722&amp;postID=463361582825984874' title='3 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20452722/posts/default/463361582825984874'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20452722/posts/default/463361582825984874'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://rivelles.blogspot.com/2006/11/cincia-versus-religio.html' title='Ciência versus Religião'/><author><name>Victor Rivelles</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13686446138092176062</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>3</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-20452722.post-540149309616092436</id><published>2006-11-18T11:22:00.001-02:00</published><updated>2006-11-18T11:48:29.844-02:00</updated><title type='text'>Ensino em turno integral mais perto.</title><content type='html'>Parece que agora a coisa vai. O senado aprovou o período escolar de 8 horas  nas escolas de ensino fundamental. A notícia apareceu no &lt;a href="http://www.jornaldaciencia.org.br/Detalhe.jsp?id=42385"&gt;Jornal da Ciência&lt;/a&gt;. Agora o projeto vai para a câmara onde deve  ser aprovado sem problemas. Enfim, um passo positivo para melhorar a escola pública e que era esperado já há muito tempo. O lado negativo, é que os estados e municípios terão até 5 anos para se adaptar à lei. Teremos ainda mais uma leva de alunos mal preparados.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/20452722-540149309616092436?l=rivelles.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://rivelles.blogspot.com/feeds/540149309616092436/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=20452722&amp;postID=540149309616092436' title='3 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20452722/posts/default/540149309616092436'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20452722/posts/default/540149309616092436'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://rivelles.blogspot.com/2006/11/ensino-em-turno-integral-mais-perto_18.html' title='Ensino em turno integral mais perto.'/><author><name>Victor Rivelles</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13686446138092176062</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>3</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-20452722.post-9118581762377579426</id><published>2006-11-17T13:48:00.000-02:00</published><updated>2006-11-17T13:59:29.887-02:00</updated><title type='text'>No Extra Dimensions Found (Yet)</title><content type='html'>The Washington group reports &lt;a href="http://xxx.if.usp.br/abs/hep-ph/0611184"&gt;new data&lt;/a&gt; on possible modifications of the inverse square law for gravity. Using a torsion balance they tested Newton's gravity law between 9.53mm and 55μm and found no deviation. With the present knowledge for dark energy density, which gives a dark energy length scale of 56μm, the size of extra dimensions must be smaller than 44μm.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/20452722-9118581762377579426?l=rivelles.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://rivelles.blogspot.com/feeds/9118581762377579426/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=20452722&amp;postID=9118581762377579426' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20452722/posts/default/9118581762377579426'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20452722/posts/default/9118581762377579426'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://rivelles.blogspot.com/2006/11/no-extra-dimensions-found-yet.html' title='No Extra Dimensions Found (Yet)'/><author><name>Victor Rivelles</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13686446138092176062</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-20452722.post-116362720213570704</id><published>2006-11-15T19:27:00.000-02:00</published><updated>2006-11-16T16:51:02.336-02:00</updated><title type='text'>NASA Anunciará Descoberta da Energia Escura</title><content type='html'>Está programado para amanhã, dia 16, uma teleconferência entre a NASA e o Telescópio Espacial Hubble para anunciar a descoberta da energia escura como "an ever-present constituent of space for most of the universe's history"! Imagens sobre a pesquisa irão ao ar antes da conferência e podem ser acessadas &lt;a href="http://www.nasa.gov/hubble"&gt;aqui&lt;/a&gt; e o vídeo &lt;a href="http://www.nasa.gov/ntv"&gt;aqui&lt;/a&gt;. Deve ser lembrado que em agosto deste ano o Chandra X-Ray Observatory encontrou evidências fortíssimas mostrando a existência da matéria escura. O assunto foi comentado &lt;a href="http://rivelles.blogspot.com/2006/08/dark-matter-discovered.html#links"&gt;aqui&lt;/a&gt; e &lt;a href="http://rivelles.blogspot.com/2006/08/dark-matter-is-out-there.html#links"&gt;aqui&lt;/a&gt;.  Vamos ver se as evidências são tão boas quanto as da matéria escura. (Via &lt;a href="http://backreaction.blogspot.com/2006/11/nasa-announces-discovery-of-dark.html"&gt;Backreaction&lt;/a&gt;).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;UPDATE: Sean Carroll, um dos participantes da teleconferência escreveu um &lt;a href="http://cosmicvariance.com/2006/11/16/dark-energy-has-long-been-dark-energy-like/"&gt;post.&lt;/a&gt; Parece que a energia escura é mesmo a constante cosmológica.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;UPDATE: A análise de supernovas com z&gt;1 traz evidências que a energia escura era constante no passado e é consistente com uma constante cosmológica. Leia o &lt;a href="http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/2006/52/"&gt;report no HST&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/20452722-116362720213570704?l=rivelles.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://rivelles.blogspot.com/feeds/116362720213570704/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=20452722&amp;postID=116362720213570704' title='2 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20452722/posts/default/116362720213570704'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20452722/posts/default/116362720213570704'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://rivelles.blogspot.com/2006/11/nasa-anunciar-descoberta-da-energia.html' title='NASA Anunciará Descoberta da Energia Escura'/><author><name>Victor Rivelles</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13686446138092176062</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>2</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-20452722.post-116317541222764947</id><published>2006-11-10T14:02:00.000-02:00</published><updated>2006-11-10T14:20:04.956-02:00</updated><title type='text'>Gravitational Waves Detector in Brazil</title><content type='html'>Few people know that a gravitational waves detector is being built in Brasil. Its homepage is &lt;a href="http://www.das.inpe.br/%7Egraviton/english/english.html"&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;. It is spherical what makes it directional. So it is not only possible to detect gravity waves but also to find out where it came from, something that LIGO can not do. It is working now mainly for calibration. It will be fully operational next year when all sensors will be installed. There is a nice &lt;a href="http://www.usp.br/jorusp/arquivo/2006/jusp782/pag08.htm"&gt;article&lt;/a&gt; in Journal da USP but unfortunately it is in Portuguese.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/20452722-116317541222764947?l=rivelles.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://rivelles.blogspot.com/feeds/116317541222764947/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=20452722&amp;postID=116317541222764947' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20452722/posts/default/116317541222764947'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20452722/posts/default/116317541222764947'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://rivelles.blogspot.com/2006/11/gravitational-waves-detector-in-brazil.html' title='Gravitational Waves Detector in Brazil'/><author><name>Victor Rivelles</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13686446138092176062</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-20452722.post-116317453200415585</id><published>2006-11-10T13:59:00.000-02:00</published><updated>2006-11-10T14:02:12.016-02:00</updated><title type='text'>Integrability in string theory</title><content type='html'>Just a link to a &lt;a href="http://motls.blogspot.com/2006/11/juan-maldacena-and-integrability.html#links"&gt;post&lt;/a&gt; by Lubos about a seminar on integrability given by Juan Maldacena.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/20452722-116317453200415585?l=rivelles.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://rivelles.blogspot.com/feeds/116317453200415585/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=20452722&amp;postID=116317453200415585' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20452722/posts/default/116317453200415585'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20452722/posts/default/116317453200415585'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://rivelles.blogspot.com/2006/11/integrability-in-string-theory.html' title='Integrability in string theory'/><author><name>Victor Rivelles</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13686446138092176062</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-20452722.post-116308403946423402</id><published>2006-11-09T12:53:00.000-02:00</published><updated>2006-11-09T13:46:56.243-02:00</updated><title type='text'>Cordas e futebol!</title><content type='html'>Via &lt;a href="http://www.math.columbia.edu/%7Ewoit/wordpress/?p=490"&gt;Peter Woit&lt;/a&gt;, um &lt;a href="http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=6377252"&gt;jogo de futebol&lt;/a&gt; entre físicos de cordas e de laser em Santa Bárbara. O pessoal de cordas está invicto há 9 anos! Isso é uma forte evidência experimental de que cordas são melhores...&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/20452722-116308403946423402?l=rivelles.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://rivelles.blogspot.com/feeds/116308403946423402/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=20452722&amp;postID=116308403946423402' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20452722/posts/default/116308403946423402'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20452722/posts/default/116308403946423402'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://rivelles.blogspot.com/2006/11/cordas-e-futebol.html' title='Cordas e futebol!'/><author><name>Victor Rivelles</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13686446138092176062</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-20452722.post-116294202440188591</id><published>2006-11-07T21:11:00.000-02:00</published><updated>2006-11-07T21:27:04.696-02:00</updated><title type='text'>Christine Dantas Blog Shutdown</title><content type='html'>Christine explains why she stopped bloging in &lt;a href="http://www.physicsforums.com/showpost.php?p=1153475&amp;amp;postcount=13"&gt;Physics Forum&lt;/a&gt;. It is really stressing to manage polemic themes.  But I am very sad with her decision. It is very important to Brazil to have high level scientific discussions. Even if you disagree on what she says on LQG. It is very important for Brazilian students, which have no opportunity to go abroad and visit large scientific centers, to follow and to participate in discussions like the ones she was promoting. I sincerely hope she reconsiders his decision and come back. Brazil needs people like her which can spare time sharing his knowledge with other people.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/20452722-116294202440188591?l=rivelles.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://rivelles.blogspot.com/feeds/116294202440188591/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=20452722&amp;postID=116294202440188591' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20452722/posts/default/116294202440188591'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20452722/posts/default/116294202440188591'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://rivelles.blogspot.com/2006/11/christine-dantas-blog-shutdown.html' title='Christine Dantas Blog Shutdown'/><author><name>Victor Rivelles</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13686446138092176062</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-20452722.post-116277999057871750</id><published>2006-11-05T23:55:00.000-02:00</published><updated>2006-11-08T22:07:14.306-02:00</updated><title type='text'>Teoria de cordas na capa do Mais!</title><content type='html'>&lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span lang="PT-BR"&gt;A capa do caderno Mais! da Folha de hoje é dedicado integralmente à teoria de cordas. O caderno traz uma resenha do livro de Lee Smolin feita por Flávio de Carvalho Serpa, &lt;a href="http://www1.folha.uol.com.br/fsp/ciencia/fe0511200601.htm"&gt;Com a Corda no Pescoço&lt;/a&gt;; uma &lt;a href="http://www1.folha.uol.com.br/fsp/ciencia/fe0511200602.htm"&gt;entrevista&lt;/a&gt; com Smolin, e Marcelo Gleiser também escreve sobre &lt;a href="http://www1.folha.uol.com.br/fsp/ciencia/fe0511200603.htm"&gt;A Controvérsia das Supercordas&lt;/a&gt;. Para acessar estes links é necessário ser assinante da Folha. Amanhã o Jornal da Ciência deverá publicar esses textos com acesso aberto e eu colocarei os links apropriados.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;A resenha de Flávio está boa. Ele me enviou o texto para que eu verificasse o jargão técnico e aproveitei para fazer alguns comentários. Um deles foi incorporado ao artigo. Provavelmente este é o primeiro texto num jornal brasileiro que comenta a polêmica criada por Peter Woit e Lee Smolin. Antes só era possível acompanhar a discussão pelos blogs em inglês. Em agosto, escrevi um &lt;span style=""&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="http://rivelles.blogspot.com/2006/08/debate-sobre-teoria-de-cordas.html"&gt;post&lt;/a&gt; em português abordando este assunto.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Mas afinal, qual é a polêmica, quais suas causas, e porque chama tanta atenção? Primeiro é necessário conhecer os protagonistas. Peter Woit e Lee Smolin são bem conhecidos por suas críticas à teoria de cordas. O primeiro é um físico da Universidade de Columbia e mantém um blog, &lt;a href="http://www.math.columbia.edu/%7Ewoit/wordpress/"&gt;Not Even Wrong,&lt;/a&gt; onde costuma fazer suas críticas às cordas. Recentemente, lançou um &lt;a href="http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0465092756"&gt;livro&lt;/a&gt; com o mesmo título do blog, onde faz um histórico sobre a área de partículas elementares e cordas e apresenta suas opiniões controversas. Li uma versão preliminar do livro e não pretendo ler a versão final. A primeira parte é boa para quem já conhece partículas elementares mas muito árdua para um leigo ou um físico de outra área. A segunda parte, onde faz críticas à teoria de cordas, será comentada mais abaixo. Lee Smolin é físico do Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics no Canadá e trabalha na área de Loop Quantum Gravity (LQG), gravitação quântica de laços. É um promotor ativo de sua área e freqüentemente faz essa promoção às custas da teoria de cordas. Vários desses trabalhos em que menciona a teoria de cordas podem ser encontrados nos &lt;a href="http://www.slac.stanford.edu/spires/find/hep/www?rawcmd=a+smolin%2C+l.&amp;FORMAT=WWW&amp;amp;SEQUENCE="&gt;arXives&lt;/a&gt;. Recentemente, lançou o livro &lt;a href="http://www.amazon.com/Trouble-Physics-String-Theory-Science/dp/0618551050/sr=1-1/qid=1162749444/ref=pd_bbs_sr_1/102-7674325-1178506?ie=UTF8&amp;amp;s=books"&gt;The Trouble with Physics&lt;/a&gt;, onde promove a LQG em detrimento das cordas. Não li seu livro e nem pretendo lê-lo. Pelos comentários disponíveis, parece ser uma coletânea organizada e mais detalhada de seus papers nos arXives.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;É necessário salientar que as críticas à teoria de cordas não são de cunho científico. Primeiro, porque nem Woit e nem Smolin trabalham na área, e não tem condições de fazer críticas técnicas. Woit está no departamento de matemática na Universidade de Columbia porque na época de sua contratação dava-se preferência, nos departamentos de física, para aqueles que trabalhavam em cordas. Lee Smolin, como já mencionado acima, trabalha em LQG, uma proposta alternativa de quantizar a gravitação e que não incorpora o modelo padrão das partículas elementares. É uma teoria extremamente modesta quando comparado com a teoria de cordas. Deve ficar claro que não há nada de errado com a teoria de cordas quando vista como uma extensão do modelo padrão na qual a gravitação é incorporada de forma consistente. Suas previsões de que devam existir outras dimensões e outras simetrias, como a supersimetria, é algo que somente a experiência poderá decidir. Outras características da teoria de cordas, como a correspondência AdS/CFT, são extremamente bem vistas. Quais são as críticas, então?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Como a teoria de cordas fornece uma teoria quântica da gravitação podemos prever precisamente o que acontece numa experiência envolvendo espalhamento grávitons, o quantum do campo gravitacional. Nenhuma outra teoria consegue fazer isso. Entretanto, esse experimento não pode ser executado pois não existe nenhum acelerador de partículas que tenha energia suficiente para isso. Nem agora, nem no LHC, nem num futuro próximo. A existência de dimensões extras e supersimetria, necessárias para a teoria de cordas existir, podem ser comprovadas no LHC ou em outras experiências. Entretanto, outras teorias alternativas também podem ter dimensões extras ou supersimetria. A teoria de cordas ainda não está suficientemente desenvolvida para dizer que tipo de dimensão extra ou que tipo de supersimetria deve existir. De fato, essa é uma característica da teoria de cordas em seu estágio atual. Ela ainda não está madura o suficiente para fazer previsões específicas. Muita gente tem procurado encontrar tais previsões e essa é uma das áreas mais ativas em cordas. Essa é uma das críticas à teoria de cordas contida nos livros. A área tem mais de 30 anos, não foi comprovada experimentalmente, e não consegue fazer uma previsão específica. E daí? E se precisarmos de mais 30 anos para obter uma previsão? Ou de um século para encontrarmos uma evidência experimental? Quem acha que isso é tempo demais abandona a área. Quem acha que vale a pena, continua trabalhando. E o que tem acontecido é que a grande maioria continua trabalhando, para desespero das áreas alternativas. Afinal, se a teoria de cordas for a teoria existente na natureza, não importa o tempo dedicado para sua compreensão. No final, valerá a pena. Vejo apenas uma possibilidade da área ser abandonada: se for encontrado um sério problema técnico que mostre sua inconsistência. Muita gente tem procurado por tais inconsistências e, por incrível que pareça, a teoria sempre se sai bem.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Outra crítica recente é a incorporação, por alguns físicos, do princípio antrópico. A teoria de cordas não está suficientemente desenvolvida para prever qual o modelo de baixas energias que deveríamos encontrar em quatro dimensões. Hoje em dia encontra-se um número absurdamente grande de tais teorias. Alguns lançam mão do princípio antrópico para justificar porque devemos selecionar apenas aquelas teorias que permitem o desenvolvimento de vida inteligente como a conhecemos. Realmente, essa é uma atitude desesperada. Isso é conseqüência da esperança antiga de que a teoria de cordas tivesse apenas uma solução para baixas energias, o nosso universo. Pode ser que a teoria não seja capaz da fazer uma previsão única. Simplesmente não sabemos de ela pode fazer tal previsão ou não. Se for capaz, ótimo. Se não for capaz, ela terá o mesmo status das outras teorias que conhecemos, teremos que especificar condições iniciais que selecionem nosso universo. Não há nada de errado com isso! Simplesmente mostraria que as pretensões iniciais eram por demais audaciosas. Isto certamente não é um motivo sério para abandonar a teoria de cordas.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Lee Smolin tem um argumento mais sutil para suas críticas. Para estudar os efeitos da teoria de cordas é necessário dizer, em primeiro lugar, em que espaço a corda vive. Podemos começar com um espaço plano, por exemplo. A quantização da corda fechada nos diz que ela produz uma força gravitacional. Isso significa que o espaço inicialmente plano fica curvo pela presença da corda fechada. Podemos agora dar um passo adiante e considerar a corda nesse novo espaço curvo e encontrar os efeitos da corda nele e assim sucessivamente. Só podemos estudar a corda num espaço dado antecipadamente. Isso vale para outros campos além da gravitação, que juntos são genericamente chamados de campos de fundo. Portanto, a quantização da corda só pode ser efetuada quando esses campos de fundo são conhecidos. Smolin defende uma teoria de gravitação quântica que não necessita campos de fundo. O pessoal de cordas também procura por uma versão da teoria de cordas que seja independente dos campos de fundo, a chamada teoria de campos de cordas. A teoria de gravitação que Smolin defende aparentemente tem essa propriedade. Entretanto, não se sabe se ela fornece a relatividade geral no limite clássico. Além disso, ela não fixa o número de dimensões em que pode ser formulada e nem precisa de matéria, a teoria seria consistente num universo em que existisse apenas a gravitação e em qualquer número de dimensões. Uma teoria bastante pobre. Para outros &lt;a href="http://motls.blogspot.com/2004/10/objections-to-loop-quantum-gravity.html#links"&gt;sérios problemas&lt;/a&gt; veja este post de L. Motl. A teoria de cordas, por sua vez, contém a relatividade geral, só pode ser formulada em 10 dimensões e precisa de matéria. Outro problema da LQG é que o procedimento de quantização não é convencional. Isto é &lt;a href="http://golem.ph.utexas.edu/string/archives/000914.html"&gt;discutido&lt;/a&gt; por Aaron Bergman e a situação é resumido num &lt;a href="http://rivelles.blogspot.com/2006/08/loop-quantum-gravity-resposta.html#links"&gt;post&lt;/a&gt; que escrevi em agosto deste ano. A teoria de LQG tem, portanto, sérios problemas. Talvez isso explique a dificuldade que tem sido encontrada na busca de uma teoria de cordas independente de campos de fundo. É importante ressaltar que as críticas que o pessoal de cordas faz a LQG são estritamente técnicas. Infelizmente o contrário não é verdade.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Entretanto, a LQG tem um certo charme para os desavisados. Isso ocorre porque é muito difícil ingressar na área de cordas. Ela é um enorme cipoal sem começo nem fim. Só com muito esforço e determinação é possível compreender e trabalhar em cordas. Já a LQG tem um ponto de partida bem definido, como num livro texto, e muitos consideram muito mais fácil estudar LQG do que cordas. Isso está discutido noutro &lt;a href="http://rivelles.blogspot.com/2006/08/debate-sobre-teoria-de-cordas.html"&gt;post&lt;/a&gt; de minha autoria de agosto deste ano.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;A principal crítica encontrada nos livros, entretanto, é de cunho, poderíamos dizer, sociológico. Ambos os livros denunciam que há uma conspiração nos departamentos de física devido à preferência dada na contratação de pesquisadores de cordas. Não se trata disso. Afinal, a teoria de cordas é a única extensão das teorias que conhecemos atualmente e que permite a quantização da gravitação. Isso é um grande feito. Apesar de ter mais de 30 anos ainda não é uma teoria acabada pois não conhecemos seus fundamentos. Por isso tem tanta gente trabalhando em cordas. Deve ser lembrado que Einstein demorou 10 anos para formular a relatividade geral e não há nenhum Einstein atualmente. É muito ingênuo acreditar que um número tão grande de pesquisadores dedicaria anos de sua carreira para estudar algo que definitivamente não teria qualquer conexão com a natureza. Poucos estudantes escolhem a LQG devido aos problemas que mencionei acima. Os estudantes mais brilhantes escolhem teoria de cordas devido aos resultados já obtidos até aqui.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;A resenha de Flávio dá a impressão de que existe uma guerra nos bastidores da física. Isso não é verdade. Poucos físicos de cordas dão atenção às críticas de Woit e de Smolin. Se ambos fizessem críticas técnicas aí sim seriam levados em conta. Quando Smolin afirma que a física ficou estagnada por tinta anos, mesmo que esteja se referindo apenas à área de partículas elementares, sabemos que não é verdade. Enormes avanços foram feitos durante esse período. O que acontece é que nesta era da informação os blogs amplificam em muito a repercussão de comentários que em outras épocas passariam despercebidos. Como dito anteriormente, Peter Woit tem um blog onde atrai, com suas críticas, um sem número de pessoas sem qualificação para falar sobre a teoria de cordas. Todos eles têm a oportunidade de criticar algo que não conhecem. Por outro lado, Lubos Motl, professor de física de Harvard, tem um blog, o &lt;a href="http://motls.blogspot.com/"&gt;Reference Frame&lt;/a&gt;, onde defende ardentemente a teoria de cordas e ataca com igual ardor a LQG. Outro blog menos conhecido,  é o &lt;a href="http://golem.ph.utexas.edu/string/"&gt;The String Coffee Table&lt;/a&gt; onde as discussões são mais técnicas e a participação de pessoas não qualificadas é bem menor. No final da contas, tudo isso é positivo para a ciência. O que mantém a ciência em seu curso são as críticas de seus pares, sejam elas bem fundamentadas ou não. Claro que as críticas técnicas, feitos por especialistas, sempre merecem mais atenção do que aquelas de cunho mais geral ou de fundo sociológico, assunto sobre o qual já &lt;a href="http://rivelles.blogspot.com/2006/03/ideology-sociology-and-psychology-of.html"&gt;discorri anteriormente&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span lang="PT-BR"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;É bastante salutar acompanhar esta discussão nos blogs de Woit e Motl, apesar dos ataques pessoais de ambos os lados. A teoria de cordas só tem a ganhar com isso. E para terminar, é bom lembrar as palavras de Brian Greene, autor do Universo Elegante: &lt;i&gt;O rigor matemático e a elegância não bastam para demonstrar a relevância de uma teoria. Para ser considerada uma descrição correta do universo, uma teoria deve fazer previsões confirmadas por experimentos. &lt;/i&gt;Por isso mesmo tem muita gente de olho numa possibilidade de testar experimentalmente a teoria de cordas. É um Nobel na certa!&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span lang="PT-BR"&gt;UPDATE: Conforme prometido, seguem os links para o Jornal da Ciência: &lt;a href="http://www.jornaldaciencia.org.br/Detalhe.jsp?id=42133"&gt;a resenha e a entrevista com Lee Smolin &lt;/a&gt;e o &lt;a href="http://www.jornaldaciencia.org.br/Detalhe.jsp?id=42134"&gt;artigo de Marcelo Gleiser&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/20452722-116277999057871750?l=rivelles.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://rivelles.blogspot.com/feeds/116277999057871750/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=20452722&amp;postID=116277999057871750' title='5 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20452722/posts/default/116277999057871750'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20452722/posts/default/116277999057871750'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://rivelles.blogspot.com/2006/11/teoria-de-cordas-na-capa-do-mais_05.html' title='Teoria de cordas na capa do Mais!'/><author><name>Victor Rivelles</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13686446138092176062</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>5</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-20452722.post-116231374279723889</id><published>2006-10-31T13:32:00.000-03:00</published><updated>2006-10-31T13:55:44.186-03:00</updated><title type='text'>Finiteness of N=8 Supergravity?</title><content type='html'>&lt;a href="http://arxiv.org/abs/hep-th/0610299"&gt;Green, Russo and Vanhove&lt;/a&gt; have just posted a paper saying that N=8 supergravity has only logarithmic divergences and it could be UV finite. They use 11D supergravity and dualities inherited from M-theory. Lubos Motl has a &lt;a href="http://motls.blogspot.com/2006/10/finiteness-of-supergravity-theories.html#links"&gt;long post&lt;/a&gt; on the subject with a good review on the loop results in supergravity. As he correctly points out, if N=8 supergravity is perturbatively renormalizable or even finite then we must include also the nonperturbative sector. He then claims that including the extended objects of the nonperturbative sector would inexorably lead do string/M-theory. A very nice argument !!!&lt;span class="down" style="display: block;" id="formatbar_CreateLink" title="Link" onmouseover="ButtonHoverOn(this);" onmouseout="ButtonHoverOff(this);" onmouseup="" onmousedown="CheckFormatting(event);FormatbarButton('richeditorframe', this, 8);ButtonMouseDown(this);"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/20452722-116231374279723889?l=rivelles.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://rivelles.blogspot.com/feeds/116231374279723889/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=20452722&amp;postID=116231374279723889' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20452722/posts/default/116231374279723889'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20452722/posts/default/116231374279723889'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://rivelles.blogspot.com/2006/10/finiteness-of-n8-supergravity.html' title='Finiteness of N=8 Supergravity?'/><author><name>Victor Rivelles</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13686446138092176062</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-20452722.post-116103645710006402</id><published>2006-10-16T18:43:00.000-03:00</published><updated>2006-10-22T12:19:42.173-03:00</updated><title type='text'>AdS/CFT e a holografia de Rehren</title><content type='html'>Alguns anos atrás &lt;a href="http://arxiv.org/abs/hep-th/9905179"&gt;Rehren&lt;/a&gt; mostrou uma conexão entre duas teorias quânticas de campos, uma definida no espaço de anti-De Sitter (AdS) e outra na borda de AdS. Muitos imaginaram que tratava-se de uma "prova" da conjectura de Maldacena, que afirma que uma teoria de cordas em AdS é equivalente a uma teoria  quântica de campos conforme na borda de AdS. O trabalho de Rehren trata da equivalência entre teoria de campos, enquanto a conjectura AdS/CFT afirma que os campos em AdS atuam como fontes  da teoria conforme na borda. Uma proposta muito mais complicada do que aquela analisada por Rehren. Apesar de serem propostas completamente distintas, houve tentativas de usar os resultados de Rehren para lançar dúvidas sobre a validade  da correspondência AdS/CFT. Sem sucesso, é claro!&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Hoje apareceu um poster muito bom de &lt;a href="http://golem.ph.utexas.edu/%7Edistler/blog/archives/000987.html"&gt;Jacques Distler&lt;/a&gt; discutindo o trabalho de Rehren. Ele  aponta que a teoria de Rehren na borda tem sérios problemas pois na verdade não se trata de uma teoria quântica de campos satisfazendo os axiomas usuais. Nos comentários, Lubos Motl apresenta uma versão bastante simplista do trabalho de Rehren e menciona uma troca de correspondência com Rehren, em que este último confirma a validade da visão simplista!&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;UPDATE: &lt;a href="http://golem.ph.utexas.edu/%7Edistler/blog/archives/000998.html"&gt;Jackes Distler&lt;/a&gt; tem outro post sobre o assunto e &lt;a href="http://motls.blogspot.com/2006/10/temptation-of-rigor.html"&gt;Lubos Motl &lt;/a&gt;também. Discutem um tema bastante importante: o rigor matemático não deve ser confundido com o rigor em física. Apesar do teorema de Rehren ser matematicamente consistente ele não diz nada sobre a teoria de campos da borda pois lá não há uma teoria de campos no sentido usual.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/20452722-116103645710006402?l=rivelles.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://rivelles.blogspot.com/feeds/116103645710006402/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=20452722&amp;postID=116103645710006402' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20452722/posts/default/116103645710006402'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20452722/posts/default/116103645710006402'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://rivelles.blogspot.com/2006/10/adscft-e-holografia-de-rehren.html' title='AdS/CFT e a holografia de Rehren'/><author><name>Victor Rivelles</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13686446138092176062</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-20452722.post-116032181631652857</id><published>2006-10-08T12:01:00.000-03:00</published><updated>2006-10-08T12:36:56.720-03:00</updated><title type='text'>Brazilian Physical Society: 40 years</title><content type='html'>On October 2 and 3 the Brazilian Physical Society promoted a meeting to celebrate its &lt;a href="http://www.sbf1.sbfisica.org.br/eventos/40anos/inicial.shtml"&gt;40th birthday&lt;/a&gt;.  Several talks were presented showing that Brazilian physicists work almost in all areas of physics. It is a great development of the area since serious research started in Brazil just before World War II. During the presentations it became clear that many groups were very keen to show that their research could produce applications for the Brazilian industry development. Sometimes this connection was really forced. This is a result of the research agencies policies supporting applied sciences. Brazil needs to do more applied science. No doubt about that. But in the last years this has been done in detriment of basic research. Federal agencies have been supporting applied research in many key areas but they are not paying attention to the needs of research in basic sciences.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;It was really interesting that on October 3, the last day of the meeting, the Nobel prize was awarded to the COBE satellite people. A work in basic science got the prize. I gave a talk on string theory and I mentioned the Nobel prize during my talk. I also said loudly that research in high energy physics and string theory is basic research and as such it should be understood, not for its applications. I hope the message was clear.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;At the end of the meeting a round table to discuss the "Physics for Brazil" was held. Four physicists working in research agencies were invited. One of them, the Minister of Science and Technology, which is also a physicist, did not show up and sent a representative. Just one of them, the Scientific Director of FAPESP, the Sao Paulo State research agency, said clearly that basic and applied sciences are equally important. The others just pressed that applied physics is important for the Brazilian development.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;I hope that the federal research agencies wake up from this dream. It is not possible to develop applied sciences without a solid foundation in basic research. We need both of them strong and healthy.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/20452722-116032181631652857?l=rivelles.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://rivelles.blogspot.com/feeds/116032181631652857/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=20452722&amp;postID=116032181631652857' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20452722/posts/default/116032181631652857'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20452722/posts/default/116032181631652857'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://rivelles.blogspot.com/2006/10/brazilian-physical-society-40-years.html' title='Brazilian Physical Society: 40 years'/><author><name>Victor Rivelles</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13686446138092176062</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-20452722.post-116024543279344407</id><published>2006-10-07T15:13:00.000-03:00</published><updated>2006-10-07T15:23:52.806-03:00</updated><title type='text'>Pictures from Mars</title><content type='html'>&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://marsprogram.jpl.nasa.gov/mro/gallery/press/20061006b/Victoria-color-annot_br.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; float: left; cursor: pointer; width: 400px;" src="http://marsprogram.jpl.nasa.gov/mro/gallery/press/20061006b/Victoria-color-annot_br.jpg" alt="" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://marsprogram.jpl.nasa.gov/mro/gallery/press/20061006c/rover-color-close-up2-annot_br.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; float: left; cursor: pointer; width: 400px;" src="http://marsprogram.jpl.nasa.gov/mro/gallery/press/20061006c/rover-color-close-up2-annot_br.jpg" alt="" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;These pictures taken from the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter are fantastic!!!&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In the first you have a global view of the Victoria Crater and the position of the Opportunity rover. In the second you can see the rover itself and the tracks it left when approaching the crater!!!&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/20452722-116024543279344407?l=rivelles.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://rivelles.blogspot.com/feeds/116024543279344407/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=20452722&amp;postID=116024543279344407' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20452722/posts/default/116024543279344407'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20452722/posts/default/116024543279344407'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://rivelles.blogspot.com/2006/10/pictures-from-mars.html' title='Pictures from Mars'/><author><name>Victor Rivelles</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13686446138092176062</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-20452722.post-116016565226976781</id><published>2006-10-06T17:00:00.000-03:00</published><updated>2006-10-16T01:12:46.383-03:00</updated><title type='text'>Novamente, a qualidade do ensino</title><content type='html'>O FMI e o Banco Mundial produziram um estudo comparativo sobre a educação entre países emergentes. O Brasil teve a pior avaliação. Constataram algo que sabemos muito bem:  a educação básica é tão deficiente que a maioria dos estudantes não tem a formação mínima para operar equipamentos com leitura digital ou equipamentos informatizados que necessitem de um conhecimento mínimo de matemática. Esse foi o assunto de um &lt;a href="http://www.jornaldaciencia.org.br/Detalhe.jsp?id=41350"&gt;editorial do Estadão&lt;/a&gt; de hoje. Para garantir que a situação permaneça assim, o ministério da educação publicou uma portaria que praticamente acaba com os cursos normais de nível superior. Ao invés de prepararmos melhor nossos professores do ensino fundamental damos um passo para trás. Os comentários de Eunice Durham sobre a portaria podem ser lidos &lt;a href="http://www.jornaldaciencia.org.br/Detalhe.jsp?id=41351"&gt;aqui&lt;/a&gt;. É provável que essa portaria seja revogada mas é  uma pena ter que reconhecer que tem gente lutando contra a qualidade do ensino, e o pior, gente dentro da própria escola!&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/20452722-116016565226976781?l=rivelles.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://rivelles.blogspot.com/feeds/116016565226976781/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=20452722&amp;postID=116016565226976781' title='1 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20452722/posts/default/116016565226976781'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20452722/posts/default/116016565226976781'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://rivelles.blogspot.com/2006/10/novamente-qualidade-do-ensino.html' title='Novamente, a qualidade do ensino'/><author><name>Victor Rivelles</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13686446138092176062</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>1</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-20452722.post-115999013900254422</id><published>2006-10-04T14:59:00.000-03:00</published><updated>2006-11-14T19:17:43.893-02:00</updated><title type='text'>O Prêmio Nobel de Física de 2006</title><content type='html'>Este ano o &lt;a href="http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/2006/press.html"&gt;prêmio Nobel de física&lt;/a&gt; foi concedido para John Mather, do Centro Espacial de Goddard da NASA, e George Smoot, da Universidade da Califórnia em Berkeley, pelo trabalho de ambos no satélite &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COBE"&gt;COBE&lt;/a&gt; (Cosmic Background Explorer) que mediu a radiação cósmica de fundo.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Uma das previsões da cosmologia baseada no &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big_Bang"&gt;Big Bang&lt;/a&gt; é que logo após a explosão inicial o universo era constituído de um plasma muito quente de fótons, eletrons e bárions. Os fótons interagiam constantemente com o plasma. A medida que o universo expandia-se o plasma esfriava até permitir que os eletrons se combinassem com os prótons formando átomos de hidrogênio. Isso aconteceu a cerca de 380 mil anos após o big bang quando a temperatura do universo era de cerca de 3.000 K. Então, na ausência do plasma, os fótons começaram a viajar livremente pelo espaço, esfriando a medida que o universo expandia-se até atingir a temperatura atual de 2,725 K. Esses fótons remanscentes daquela época formam a chamada &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cosmic_background_radiation"&gt;radiação cósmica de fundo&lt;/a&gt;. A previsão do modêlo do big bang é que essa radiação é quase perfeitamente isotrópica e apresenta o mesmo espectro de um corpo negro. As pequenas anisotropias são causadas por diversos fatores e o estudo das mesmas leva a determinação dos vários parâmetros do modêlo do big bang.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Essa radiação foi detectada pela primeira por Arno Penzias e Robert Wilson em 1960 e eles ganharam o prêmio Nobel por essa descoberta. O satélite COBE, lançado em 1998, mediu a radiação cósmica de fundo e obteve uma concordância impressionante com a radiação do corpo negro. As pequenas anisotropias também foram medidas e resultam no famoso mapa do COBE.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/COBE_cmb_fluctuations.gif/300px-COBE_cmb_fluctuations.gif"&gt;&lt;img style="margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; float: left; cursor: pointer; width: 320px;" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/COBE_cmb_fluctuations.gif/300px-COBE_cmb_fluctuations.gif" alt="" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/Firas_spectrum.jpg/300px-Firas_spectrum.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="margin: 0pt 0pt 10px 10px; float: right; cursor: pointer; width: 320px;" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/Firas_spectrum.jpg/300px-Firas_spectrum.jpg" alt="" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;Esse prêmio Nobel também tem um valor simbólico muito forte. A cosmologia experimental, antes da década de 90, não era levada muito a sério devido as grandes incertezas observacionais. A mudança do valor constante de Hubble a cada nova medida era tão grande que se costumava dizer que era a constante da física que mais variava com o tempo. A partir do COBE&lt;br /&gt;a cosmologia entrou numa outra era, de medidas extremamente precisas, que mostraram, e ainda mostram, um universo cheio de surpresas. Hoje em dia a cosmologia experimental é respeitada por todas as áreas. Esse progresso continua até hoje e para verificar isso basta comparar o mapa de anisotropias do &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wmap"&gt;WMAP&lt;/a&gt;, o satélite sucessor do COBE lançado em 2002.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/WMAP.jpg/180px-WMAP.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="margin: 0pt 0pt 10px 10px; float: right; cursor: pointer; width: 320px;" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/WMAP.jpg/180px-WMAP.jpg" alt="" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;Mais notícias do prêmio Nobel podem ser encontradas &lt;a href="http://www.jornaldaciencia.org.br/Detalhe.jsp?id=41290"&gt;aqui&lt;/a&gt; e &lt;a href="http://www.jornaldaciencia.org.br/Detalhe.jsp?id=41291"&gt;aqui&lt;/a&gt; (em portugues), e &lt;a href="http://www.interactions.org/cms/?pid=1024579"&gt;aqui&lt;/a&gt; e &lt;a href="http://www.aip.org/pnu/2006/split/795-1.html"&gt;aqui&lt;/a&gt; (em ingles).&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/20452722-115999013900254422?l=rivelles.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://rivelles.blogspot.com/feeds/115999013900254422/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=20452722&amp;postID=115999013900254422' title='4 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20452722/posts/default/115999013900254422'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20452722/posts/default/115999013900254422'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://rivelles.blogspot.com/2006/10/o-prmio-nobel-de-fsica-de-2006.html' title='O Prêmio Nobel de Física de 2006'/><author><name>Victor Rivelles</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13686446138092176062</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>4</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-20452722.post-115966428213059848</id><published>2006-09-30T21:49:00.000-03:00</published><updated>2006-09-30T21:58:02.143-03:00</updated><title type='text'>System of units and coordinates</title><content type='html'>There is nice post by John Baez  on &lt;a href="http://golem.ph.utexas.edu/category/2006/09/dimensional_analysis_and_coord.html"&gt;system of units and coordinates&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-style: italic;"&gt;"... systems of units are like coordinates.  They’re both systems of arbitrary choices that let us describe reality using numbers.  In both cases, we’re ultimately interested in learning things that don’t depend on these arbitrary choices."&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-style: italic;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;The discussion is quite good and interesting.   &lt;span style="font-style: italic;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-style: italic;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/20452722-115966428213059848?l=rivelles.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://rivelles.blogspot.com/feeds/115966428213059848/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=20452722&amp;postID=115966428213059848' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20452722/posts/default/115966428213059848'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20452722/posts/default/115966428213059848'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://rivelles.blogspot.com/2006/09/system-of-units-and-coordinates.html' title='System of units and coordinates'/><author><name>Victor Rivelles</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13686446138092176062</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-20452722.post-115948014508116758</id><published>2006-09-28T18:36:00.000-03:00</published><updated>2006-09-28T18:49:05.103-03:00</updated><title type='text'>Brazilian Meeting in Particles and Fields</title><content type='html'>&lt;span style=""&gt;This year the &lt;a href="http://www.sbf1.sbfisica.org.br/eventos/enfpc/xxvii/"&gt;Brazilian Meeting in Particles and Fields&lt;/a&gt; was held in Águas de Lindóia, a small town near &lt;/span&gt;&lt;st1:city&gt;&lt;st1:place&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;São   Paulo&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/st1:place&gt;&lt;/st1:City&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;. Every year we have a meeting of experimental and theoretical physicists working in high energy physics and field theory in &lt;/span&gt;&lt;st1:country-region&gt;&lt;st1:place&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;Brazil&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/st1:place&gt;&lt;/st1:country-region&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;. The audience is very broad. There are plenary talks which are supposed to be non technical and also more technical parallel talks, besides short oral presentations and panels. Approximately 300 physicists and students were present. The program can be found &lt;a href="http://www.sbf1.sbfisica.org.br/eventos/enfpc/xxvii/programa/"&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;. Wireless was available but the connection was poor. On Monday we spent almost all day without internet but in the following days the situation got better. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;    &lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;The meeting started on Sunday night when David Gross was awarded with the title of Doctor Honoris Causa given by the &lt;/span&gt;&lt;st1:place&gt;&lt;st1:placename&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;São Paulo&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/st1:PlaceName&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;st1:placetype&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;State&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/st1:PlaceType&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;st1:placetype&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;University&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/st1:PlaceType&gt;&lt;/st1:place&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;. He gave a talk, The Future of Physics, where he discussed his favorite 25 problems. It seemed to be an updated version of the talk he delivered during the celebration of the 25 years of the KITP two years ago. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;    &lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;On Monday there were two good talks, one about cosmic inflation by Viatcheslav Mukhanov and another on astroparticle physics given by Angela Olinto. Angela is a Brazilian physicist and the chair of the Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics at &lt;/span&gt;&lt;st1:place&gt;&lt;st1:placename&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;Chicago&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/st1:PlaceName&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;st1:placetype&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;University&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/st1:PlaceType&gt;&lt;/st1:place&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;. She also works in the Auger Observatory, the biggest cosmic ray laboratory now in operation. Then Nathan Berkovits gave a parallel talk on string amplitudes. It is always difficult to talk on technical stuff to a large audience. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;    &lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;In the evening we had a round table on the anthropic principle. Originally Susskind had been invited and it seemed natural to have such a round table. But then he cancelled his participation and the round table was kept in the program. It was something surreal. Nobody in the table was in favor of the anthropic principle. Hitoshi Murayama presented some points pro the anthropic principle and then everybody, including Murayama , talked against it. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;    &lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;On Tuesday we had a very good talk on the physics beyond the standard model given by Murayama. He presented many usual topics like the hierarchy problem from a new perspective. In the afternoon Burt Ovrut talked on the heterotic string, the standard model and cosmology. Again, too technical and it was very hard to follow him. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;    &lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;On Wednesday we had an experimental plenary talk given by Guenakh Mitselmakher on the LHC. It seems they will start to collect data only in the spring of 2008. In the afternoon David Gross gave a talk on string theory, The Coming Revolutions in Fundamental Physics. I think it is the first time the experimentalists in &lt;/span&gt;&lt;st1:country-region&gt;&lt;st1:place&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;Brazil&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/st1:place&gt;&lt;/st1:country-region&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt; have been subject to such an exposition of string theory. It must have been frightening to them but I have to talk to some of them to find out. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;    &lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;There were many short oral and panel presentations. My feeling is that there was more work done in string theory than last year. This is good news.  &lt;span style=""&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;The talks are already available in the homepage.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style=""&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/20452722-115948014508116758?l=rivelles.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://rivelles.blogspot.com/feeds/115948014508116758/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=20452722&amp;postID=115948014508116758' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20452722/posts/default/115948014508116758'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20452722/posts/default/115948014508116758'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://rivelles.blogspot.com/2006/09/brazilian-meeting-in-particles-and.html' title='Brazilian Meeting in Particles and Fields'/><author><name>Victor Rivelles</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13686446138092176062</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-20452722.post-115902604778001718</id><published>2006-09-23T12:26:00.000-03:00</published><updated>2006-09-24T11:18:31.690-03:00</updated><title type='text'>O universo elegante na Google video</title><content type='html'>No Google video voce pode encontrar uma versão reduzida da série de tres filmes &lt;a href="http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/elegant/program.html"&gt;O Universo Elegante,&lt;/a&gt; de B. Greene. No site da PBS a série está disponível em vários capítulos. No Google video a série foi compactada em tres episódios:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=-3387096753325354202"&gt;Einstein's Dream&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="text-decoration: underline;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=-5491147363606575997"&gt;Strings the Thing&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=-2386787941583237986"&gt;Welcome to the 11th Dimension&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Banda larga é realmente necessária. (Via blog do L. Motl)&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/20452722-115902604778001718?l=rivelles.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://rivelles.blogspot.com/feeds/115902604778001718/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=20452722&amp;postID=115902604778001718' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20452722/posts/default/115902604778001718'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20452722/posts/default/115902604778001718'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://rivelles.blogspot.com/2006/09/o-universo-elegante-na-google-video.html' title='O universo elegante na Google video'/><author><name>Victor Rivelles</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13686446138092176062</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-20452722.post-115884604857846680</id><published>2006-09-21T10:36:00.000-03:00</published><updated>2006-09-21T10:52:20.300-03:00</updated><title type='text'>Last solar eclipse in 2006</title><content type='html'>It starts tomorrow, Friday 22, at 9:48 GMT (6:48 in Brazil). It is an annular eclipse which will be seen in South America, Caribbe, western Africa and Antarctica. Maps and more details can be found at &lt;span style="text-decoration: underline;"&gt;NASA.&lt;/span&gt; Wake up early!!!&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/20452722-115884604857846680?l=rivelles.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://rivelles.blogspot.com/feeds/115884604857846680/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=20452722&amp;postID=115884604857846680' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20452722/posts/default/115884604857846680'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20452722/posts/default/115884604857846680'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://rivelles.blogspot.com/2006/09/last-solar-eclipse-in-2006.html' title='Last solar eclipse in 2006'/><author><name>Victor Rivelles</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13686446138092176062</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-20452722.post-115871597790591978</id><published>2006-09-19T22:15:00.000-03:00</published><updated>2006-09-19T22:32:57.933-03:00</updated><title type='text'>Lorentz invariance in good health</title><content type='html'>A new test of Lorentz invariance was announced in &lt;a href="http://xxx.lanl.gov/abs/gr-qc/0609072"&gt;gr-qc/0609072&lt;/a&gt;. Two cylindrical  sapphire microwave resonators, which are perpendicular to each other, are set in rotation. Standing waves are set up in the resonators and if the velocity of light is not isotropic there will be a change in the frequency difference as the resonators rotate. This experiment was performed before but now more than one year of data was accumulated improving earlier results by a factor of 10. Lorentz invariance is still up.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/20452722-115871597790591978?l=rivelles.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://rivelles.blogspot.com/feeds/115871597790591978/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=20452722&amp;postID=115871597790591978' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20452722/posts/default/115871597790591978'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20452722/posts/default/115871597790591978'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://rivelles.blogspot.com/2006/09/lorentz-invariance-in-good-health.html' title='Lorentz invariance in good health'/><author><name>Victor Rivelles</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13686446138092176062</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-20452722.post-115833250228473233</id><published>2006-09-17T00:27:00.000-03:00</published><updated>2006-09-19T23:46:02.416-03:00</updated><title type='text'>O retrocesso do IFUSP</title><content type='html'>&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style=""&gt;&lt;span lang="PT-BR"&gt;Desde sua fundação, o Instituto de Física da USP sempre teve um papel de destaque na formação dos físicos brasileiros. A qualidade de seus cursos é indiscutível e tem reconhecimento internacional. Um dos diversos elementos responsáveis por esse sucesso é a atribuição de uma turma por docente em cada período letivo, o mesmo padrão de carga didática encontrado nas melhores universidades do mundo. Isto garante aos docentes condições de preparar adequadamente suas aulas, prestar atendimento aos alunos fora do horário de aulas e manter suas atividades de pesquisa, de forma a manter-se atualizado e poder ministrar aulas de qualidade. É claro que qualquer docente pode arcar com uma carga didática maior sabendo, de antemão, que a excelência de suas aulas será reduzida à medida que suas horas de aula aumentarem. É exatamente isto que distingue as melhores universidades, a tradição de combinar docência de alta qualidade e pesquisa de alto padrão. É assim no mundo inteiro e assim tem sido no IFUSP até o presente.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;A imposição do mínimo de oito horas de aula semanais pela LDB trouxe um grande problema para os institutos e departamentos de física das universidades federais que tradicionalmente atribuíam uma turma por docente. Como conseqüência, um docente deve, em geral, ministrar aulas para mais de uma turma, indo na contra-mão da tendência universal do ensino de qualidade. As universidades federais tentaram, então, encontrar meios de acomodar-se a LDB e ao mesmo tempo manter o padrão de qualidade de suas instituições, procurando manter, na medida do possível, a carga didática de um curso por docente. A grande maioria encontrou saídas engenhosas para o problema trazido pela LDB e tiveram sucesso nessa empreitada.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Na Universidade de São Paulo, por outro lado, o mínimo exigido são seis horas de aulas semanais. O IFUSP, por sua vez, sempre ignorou essa norma e continuou mantendo a carga tradicional de uma turma por docente, quer com seis, quer com quatro horas semanais, garantindo a qualidade de seus cursos. Infelizmente, essa situação pode mudar. Devido ao número reduzido de professores que existem atualmente e devido ao número excessivo de disciplinas, há um movimento articulado para quebrar essa tradição de qualidade. Ao invés dos dirigentes do instituto usarem o fato de não ser possível cumprir a carga didática mantendo o seu padrão de excelência usual, argumentos poderosos para justificar a contratação de novos docentes, preferem seguir uma linha legalista. Querem simplesmente fazer cumprir a exigência das seis horas semanais, atribuindo para alguns docentes duas turmas no mesmo semestre. Mesmo que tal medida dure um tempo determinado, como proposto, acarretará, sem dúvida, uma queda no nível do ensino do instituto. Obviamente, a maior parte dos docentes preocupados com a qualidade do ensino não apóia tal medida. Surpreendentemente, vários docentes ligados à área de ensino são os maiores partidários dessa proposta perniciosa. Apóiam uma decisão que vai causar prejuízo à qualidade dos cursos ministrados no IFUSP indo de encontro aos propalados ideais de lutar pela melhoria da qualidade do ensino em todos os níveis.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;A decisão será tomada em breve. Vamos esperar que os responsáveis tenham discernimento suficiente para manter a qualidade do curso de física mais tradicional do Brasil. Enquanto as universidades federais lutam contra forças que tentam minar a qualidade de suas atividades, o IFUSP, sem nenhuma pressão externa, abre mão gratuitamente de uma de suas mais poderosas prerrogativas, a qualidade do ensino.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;O simples fato de que tal proposta tenha chegado ao ponto em que chegou caracteriza um grande retrocesso do IFUSP. Isto não é um fato isolado, mas a expressão mais veemente da decadência que o instituto vem sofrendo em sua história recente. Só resta aguardar uma mobilização daqueles comprometidos com o elevado nível de excelência que sempre caracterizou o IFUSP, a fim de manter seu rumo na direção do ensino de qualidade e da pesquisa de alto nível. Esta ainda é a melhor forma de servimos a sociedade que nos patrocina. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/20452722-115833250228473233?l=rivelles.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://rivelles.blogspot.com/feeds/115833250228473233/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=20452722&amp;postID=115833250228473233' title='4 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20452722/posts/default/115833250228473233'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20452722/posts/default/115833250228473233'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://rivelles.blogspot.com/2006/09/o-retrocesso-do-ifusp.html' title='O retrocesso do IFUSP'/><author><name>Victor Rivelles</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13686446138092176062</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>4</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-20452722.post-115818372324803408</id><published>2006-09-13T18:19:00.000-03:00</published><updated>2006-09-13T18:42:03.476-03:00</updated><title type='text'>Palestra de revisão</title><content type='html'>No ano passado dei uma palestra de revisão sobre teoria de campos no Encontro Nacional de Partículas e Campos. Escrevi um resumo do que apresentei para os proceedings mas o manuscrito foi devolvido pois querem que esteja escrito em ingles. Para não perder o que escrevi em portugues vou deixar uma cópia aqui. Note que se trata de uma visão pessoal da área.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;                            &lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;PALESTRA DE REVISÃO DE TEORIA DE CAMPOS&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;No Encontro de 2003 a palestra de revisão foi apresentada por Dionísio Bazeia Filho da UFPb. Ele fez uma comparação, bastante interessante e necessária, entre o número de trabalhos em teoria de campos apresentados naquela  reunião, dividido por sub-áreas, e o número de  trabalhos publicados nos arXives nessas mesmas sub-áreas.  Grandes distorções foram detectadas. A maior parte dos trabalhos apresentados, 15%, eram em teoria de campos aplicado à matéria condensada enquanto nos arXives essa proporção é de apenas 1%. A área mais ativa, teoria de cordas, com 25% nos arXives, correspondia apenas à 8% dos trabalhos apresentados no encontro.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Não pretendo atualizar essa tabela. Dois anos é muito pouco tempo para que haja mudanças significativas. Porém, acho interessante comparar o que se faz no resto do mundo com o que se faz no Brasil.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;No exterior, a área de teoria de campos é hoje dominada pelos pesquisadores de teoria de cordas. Entretanto, existe no Brasil uma grande comunidade que se dedica ao estudo da teoria de campos sem se preocupar com a teoria de cordas. Isso representa um aspecto preocupante pois falta modernidade aos pesquisadores que alheiam-se aos avanços produzidos pela teoria de cordas.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Os aspectos perturbativos da teoria de campos estão completamente compreendidos, quer em quatro, quer em duas dimensões. Infelizmente, ainda existe no Brasil um  número considerável de pesquisadores que continuam nessa área. A única linha que ainda necessita pesquisa é o &lt;a href="http://arxiv.org/abs/hep-ph/0212406"&gt;cálculo de amplitudes de espalhamento&lt;/a&gt;, principalmente nas teorias de gauge não abelianas. Técnicas  que permitam o cálculo de amplitudes para muitas partículas ou envolvendo vários loops ainda estão em desenvolvimento. Técnicas de teoria de cordas estão sendo extremamente úteis. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;O grande problema real na teoria de campos é a compreensão do setor não perturbativo. O cálculo do espectro das teorias de gauge não abelianas, a demonstração do confinamento da QCD, o problema das cópias de Gribov, o estudo das dualidades, a expansão 1/N e cálculos na rêde, são os tópicos mais importantes. Felizmente, vários grupos brasileiros ocupam-se desses problemas.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Outro tema já bastante difundido no Brasil é o estudo de teoria de campos não comutativa. Existem vários grupos trabalhando em diversos aspectos dessas teorias distribuídos pelo Brasil. Também importante é a teoria de  campos em espaços curvos. Alguns  grupos brasileiros tem interesse nesse tópico. A teoria de campos à temperatura finita também é outra linha em que temos vários grupos, porém não há grande movimentação nessa área no exterior. As aplicações à matéria condensada é outra linha nessa mesma situação. Já o estudo do efeito Casimir e o uso de condições de contôrno em teoria de campos representam linhas com grande número de brasileiros  envolvidos e que também tem tido grande desenvolvimento no exterior.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Uma parcela significativa da comunidade dedica-se ao estudo da integrabilidade em teoria de campos, principalmente em duas dimensões. Deve-se chamar a atenção para o fato de que hoje em dia há indícios de que a teoria de campos maximalmente supersimétrica é integrável. Há, também, uma forte conexão com a &lt;a href="http://arxiv.org/abs/hep-th/0507136"&gt;integrabilidade da  teoria de cordas&lt;/a&gt; em determinados backgrounds. Infelizmente, não há  ninguém no Brasil desenvolvendo essa linha.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Uma nova área aberta pela teoria de cordas e pela loop quantum gravity é a chamada &lt;a href="http://arxiv.org/abs/hep-ph/9809521"&gt;violação de Lorentz&lt;/a&gt; na teoria de campos. Na verdade, não se trata da violação da simetria de Lorentz, mas no estudo da teoria de campos quando algum vetor ou tensor adquire um valor esperado no vácuo. Trata-se de uma área em expansão e que atrai algumas poucas pessoas no Brasil.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Sem dúvida  a &lt;a href="http://arxiv.org/abs/hep-th/0210224"&gt;teoria de cordas&lt;/a&gt; representa o próximo passo a ser desenvolvido após o sucesso da teoria de campos . Entretanto, o número de pesquisadores brasileiros nessa área ainda é extremamente reduzido. Trata-se de uma área dinâmica e extremamente competitiva e talvez isso explique o retraimento de nossa comunidade. O cálculo de amplitudes é uma das poucas áreas desenvolvidas no Brasil. Teoria de campos de cordas, modêlos matriciais e teoria de cordas topológicas são linhas inexistentes no Brasil mas de grande atividade no exterior. A fenomenologia de cordas, e principalmente o estudo da landscape, são outras linhas de grande atividade no exterior e só agora alguns pesquisadores brasileiros começam a tomar interesse. As diversas cosmologias baseadas na teoria de cordas, como braneworlds, Randall-Sundrum, dimensões extras e ações efetivas da teoria de cordas envolvem alguns grupos brasileiros e parece que aos poucos tais grupos estão se consolidando.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Entretanto, a grande movimentação que ocorre hoje em dia na área é devido à correspondência AdS/CFT, ou mais genericamente, a correspondência gravitação/teoria de gauge. O cálculo do espectro em teorias de gauge envolve alguns pesquisadores brasileiros. Como mencionado anteriormente, a linha que está em crescimento, entretanto, é a do estudo da integrabilidade dos dois lados da correspondência. Infelizmente essa é uma linha que ainda não é desenvolvida no Brasil.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Espero ter traçado um perfil dos trabalhos apresentados neste encontro, comparando-os  com as linhas mais importantes que estão sendo desenvolvidas no exterior. Temos muitos grupos envolvidos nessas linhas mais dinâmicas mas ainda temos um número significativo de pesquisadores trabalhando em assuntos não tão importantes. Espero que a médio prazo esse quadro possa ser modificado de maneira positiva e possamos estar contribuindo para a solução dos grandes problemas de nossa área.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Apenas algumas referências básicas foram supridas.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/20452722-115818372324803408?l=rivelles.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://rivelles.blogspot.com/feeds/115818372324803408/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=20452722&amp;postID=115818372324803408' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20452722/posts/default/115818372324803408'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20452722/posts/default/115818372324803408'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://rivelles.blogspot.com/2006/09/palestra-de-reviso.html' title='Palestra de revisão'/><author><name>Victor Rivelles</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13686446138092176062</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-20452722.post-115791686869684494</id><published>2006-09-10T16:07:00.000-03:00</published><updated>2006-09-14T13:11:11.463-03:00</updated><title type='text'>Geometria versus algebra</title><content type='html'>No início do século XX um grupo de matemáticos franceses, escrevendo sob o pseudônimo de Nicolas Bourbakis, pretendia  reescrever a matemática abominando todos os conceitos geométricos e enfatizando apenas os aspectos algébricos.  Aos poucos a moda foi pegando e chegou inclusive ao Brasil, quando na década de 70 as escolas eram obrigadas a ensinar teoria de conjuntos para os alunos da atual quinta série. Essa situação foi revertida por Donald Coxeter graças aos seus trabalhos que enfatizavam o aspecto geométrico e mostravam como estavam relacionados com a álgebra. O artista M. C. Escher, conhecido pelos seus trabalhos geométricos, era amigo de Coxeter.  Suas obras, principalmente aquelas relacionadas ao infinito, foram inspiradas pelo amigo matemático. Hoje em dia, a física moderna, assim  como a teoria de cordas, deve muito aos inúmeros conceitos geométricos que a matemática moderna desenvolveu. Sempre vai haver uma disputa entre os geometras e os algébricos, e como sempre, deve-se aproveitar o que há de melhor em cada um dos lados. No Brasil, há ainda quem defenda o modo puramente algébrico e tais pessoas não devem ser levadas a sério. &lt;a href="http://motls.blogspot.com/2006/09/donald-coxeter-in-boston-globe.html"&gt;L. Motl&lt;/a&gt; aponta um &lt;a href="http://www.boston.com/news/globe/ideas/articles/2006/09/10/the_man_who_saved_geometry/?page=1"&gt;artigo&lt;/a&gt; bastante interessante sobre Coxeter no Boston Globe. É necessário registrar-se gratuitamente no site.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/20452722-115791686869684494?l=rivelles.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://rivelles.blogspot.com/feeds/115791686869684494/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=20452722&amp;postID=115791686869684494' title='4 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20452722/posts/default/115791686869684494'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20452722/posts/default/115791686869684494'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://rivelles.blogspot.com/2006/09/geometria-versus-algebra.html' title='Geometria versus algebra'/><author><name>Victor Rivelles</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13686446138092176062</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>4</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-20452722.post-115756357525889841</id><published>2006-09-06T14:05:00.000-03:00</published><updated>2006-09-19T11:05:11.460-03:00</updated><title type='text'>Compromisso Todos pela Educação</title><content type='html'>Um grupo de 180 pessoas, incluindo empresários, educadores e representantes do poder público, lançam, hoje, em São Paulo, o movimento Compromisso Todos pela Educação. Nele participam o Ministério da Educação, secretários estaduais e municipais e instituições como Itaú Cultural, Instituto Pão de Açúcar, Fundação Bradesco, Instituto Ayrton Senna, Fundação Roberto Marinho e Grupo Gerdau. O objetivo é melhorar a qualidade da educação brasileira com cinco metas a serem atingidas até 2022:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;1. Toda criança e jovem de 4 a 17 anos estará na escola.&lt;br /&gt;2. Toda criança de 8 anos saberá ler e escrever.&lt;br /&gt;3.  Todo aluno  aprenderá o que é apropriado  para sua série.&lt;br /&gt;4.  Todos os alunos  vão concluir o ensino fundamental e o médio.&lt;br /&gt;5.  O investimento na educação básica será  garantido e bem gerido.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Para conscientizar a população, o Todos pela Educação vai fazer inserções na mídia do país inteiro, mostrando essas metas. Os participantes privados deverão fazer ações individuais. Bancos, por exemplo, poderão colocar material informativo em suas agências. O movimento pretende reverter indicadores como a escolaridade média de 4,9 anos no país (comparado com 8,8 na Argentina) e o número de jovens fora da escola (809 mil entre 7 e 14 anos). Para isso será necessário aumento do orçamento para a educação em todos os níveis do governo.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Obviamente esse é um programa que todos os candidatos a presidente deveriam apoiar. Todos os candidatos afirmam que a educação é importante, entretanto, apenas um deles, Cristovam Buarque, proclama que a educação é a única forma de mudar a cara do Brasil. E ele está certo. Infelizmente não vai ser eleito e mesmo que fosse a elite o impediria da fazer mudanças bruscas na educação. Porisso não tem outro jeito. Temos que ir a passos de tartaruga, apoiando movimentos como o Compromisso Todos pela Educação, e esperando que ele não morra no berço.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Dois artigos comentam o movimento na Folha. Eles estão &lt;a href="http://www1.folha.uol.com.br/fsp/opiniao/fz0609200609.htm"&gt;aqui&lt;/a&gt; e &lt;a href="http://www1.folha.uol.com.br/fsp/cotidian/ff0609200603.htm"&gt;aqui&lt;/a&gt;. Infelizmente, é necessário ser assinante.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;UPDATE: Leia um dos os artigos mencionados no Jornal da Ciência &lt;a href="http://www.jornaldaciencia.org.br/Detalhe.jsp?id=40529"&gt;aqui.&lt;/a&gt; Uma reportagem está também  &lt;a href="http://www.jornaldaciencia.org.br/Detalhe.jsp?id=40527"&gt;aqui.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;UPDATE: Existe um &lt;a href="http://www.todospelaeducacao.org.br/"&gt;site&lt;/a&gt; para o movimento.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.jornaldaciencia.org.br/Detalhe.jsp?id=40527"&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/20452722-115756357525889841?l=rivelles.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://rivelles.blogspot.com/feeds/115756357525889841/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=20452722&amp;postID=115756357525889841' title='6 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20452722/posts/default/115756357525889841'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20452722/posts/default/115756357525889841'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://rivelles.blogspot.com/2006/09/compromisso-todos-pela-educao.html' title='Compromisso Todos pela Educação'/><author><name>Victor Rivelles</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13686446138092176062</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>6</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-20452722.post-115704106019435955</id><published>2006-08-31T12:54:00.000-03:00</published><updated>2006-08-31T13:17:43.433-03:00</updated><title type='text'>Gravitational waves and cosmic magnetic fields</title><content type='html'>One more &lt;a href="http://xxx.lanl.gov/abs/astro-ph/0608606"&gt;report&lt;/a&gt; from LIGO collaboration came up saying that no stochastic background gravitational waves were detected in the fourth science run. It is expected the existence of a background of gravitational waves, due to a large number of unresolved sources, coming from all directions in the sky. There are constraints on the spectrum of such waves coming from CMB, millisecond pulsars and other resonant detectors. It seems LIGO is sensitive enough to probe some models, like cosmic strings and pre-big bang models, for stochastic background gravitational waves. Unfortunatly no positive results were found.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Another interesting &lt;a href="http://www.newscientist.com/channel/fundamentals/mg19125671.700-north-of-the-big-bang.html"&gt;article&lt;/a&gt; appeared in New Scientist (subscription required) telling the history of the cosmic magnetic field. There is an intergalactic magnetic field whose origin is unknown. The known mechanisms to produce magnetic fields can not explain them. One possibility is that they were created long ago possibly during the inflation period . If this is true this primordial magnetic fields could provide a lot of information about the early universe. As it is explained in the article some experiments are now being set up to study this cosmic magnetic fields.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/20452722-115704106019435955?l=rivelles.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://rivelles.blogspot.com/feeds/115704106019435955/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=20452722&amp;postID=115704106019435955' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20452722/posts/default/115704106019435955'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20452722/posts/default/115704106019435955'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://rivelles.blogspot.com/2006/08/gravitational-waves-and-cosmic.html' title='Gravitational waves and cosmic magnetic fields'/><author><name>Victor Rivelles</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13686446138092176062</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-20452722.post-115697256400465711</id><published>2006-08-30T17:28:00.000-03:00</published><updated>2006-09-04T12:05:57.063-03:00</updated><title type='text'>Loop quantum gravity: a resposta</title><content type='html'>Em 2004 &lt;a href="http://arxiv.org/abs/hep-th/0409182"&gt;Helling e Policastro&lt;/a&gt;, que trabalham em cordas, analisaram criticamente a técnica de quantização utilizada pelos pesquisadores de loop quantum gravity. Mostraram que se aplicarmos a técnica ao oscilador harmônico não obtemos os resultados usuais da mecânica quântica. No ano passado apareceu um paper de &lt;a href="http://arxiv.org/abs/hep-th/0501114"&gt;Nicolai, Peeters e Zamaklar&lt;/a&gt; sobre loop quantum gravity. Esses autores também trabalham em teoria de cordas e estudaram os papers de loop quantum gravity encontrando sérios problemas. Um deles, por exemplo, é o fato de haver algo parecido com a não-renormalizabilidade da relatividade geral, quando se torna necessário adicionar um número infinito de novos termos à teoria original. Este ano, apareceu um novo paper, desta vez de &lt;a href="http://arxiv.org/abs/hep-th/0601129"&gt;Nicolai e Peeters&lt;/a&gt; com críticas ao modêlo de spin foam na loop quantum gravity. Estes resultados foram apresentados na &lt;a href="http://rivelles.blogspot.com/2006/04/eurostrings-2006.html#links"&gt;Eurostrings'06,&lt;/a&gt; um seminário de loop quantum gravity numa reunião de cordas!&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Hoje, apareceu uma resposta à essas críticas num paper de &lt;a href="http://arxiv.org/abs/hep-th/0608210"&gt;Thiemann&lt;/a&gt;. Imediatamente Helling rejeitou a resposta de Thiemann em seu &lt;a href="http://atdotde.blogspot.com/2006/08/re-re.html"&gt;blog&lt;/a&gt; e a coisa ficou feia indo ao nível do oscilador harmônico. Lubos aproveitou a oportunidade e já escreveu seu &lt;a href="http://motls.blogspot.com/2006/08/thomas-thiemann-and-master-constraint.html"&gt;post&lt;/a&gt;. Há uma parte interessante onde menciona a história de Feynman e a teoria de tudo e como Thiemann tenta usar isso em seu paper.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;UPDATE: Aaron Bergman escreveu um &lt;a href="http://golem.ph.utexas.edu/string/archives/000914.html"&gt;post&lt;/a&gt; onde detalha o tratamento do oscilador harmônico usando a proposta de Thiemann. Num outro &lt;a href="http://golem.ph.utexas.edu/string/archives/000915.html"&gt;post&lt;/a&gt; ele inicia uma discussão sobre o vínculo mestre usado pelo pessoal de LQG. No &lt;a href="http://christinedantas.blogspot.com/2006/08/lqg-inside.html"&gt;blog da Christine Dantas&lt;/a&gt; também há um espaço para a discussão do paper.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/20452722-115697256400465711?l=rivelles.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://rivelles.blogspot.com/feeds/115697256400465711/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=20452722&amp;postID=115697256400465711' title='1 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20452722/posts/default/115697256400465711'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20452722/posts/default/115697256400465711'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://rivelles.blogspot.com/2006/08/loop-quantum-gravity-resposta.html' title='Loop quantum gravity: a resposta'/><author><name>Victor Rivelles</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13686446138092176062</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>1</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-20452722.post-115677350772249527</id><published>2006-08-28T10:52:00.000-03:00</published><updated>2006-08-28T10:58:27.736-03:00</updated><title type='text'>Matéria Escura</title><content type='html'>A &lt;a href="http://rivelles.blogspot.com/2006/08/dark-matter-is-out-there.html#links"&gt;descoberta&lt;/a&gt; espetacular da existência da matéria escura ocorrida na semana passada leva agora a uma nova questão. O que é a matéria escura? Existem vários candidatos e um post de &lt;a href="http://cosmicvariance.com/2006/08/27/identifying-dark-matter/"&gt;Mark Trodden&lt;/a&gt; traz uma discussão muito boa. Como sempre, a &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dark_matter"&gt;Wikipedia&lt;/a&gt; também tem um bom artigo sobre o assunto.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/20452722-115677350772249527?l=rivelles.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://rivelles.blogspot.com/feeds/115677350772249527/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=20452722&amp;postID=115677350772249527' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20452722/posts/default/115677350772249527'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20452722/posts/default/115677350772249527'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://rivelles.blogspot.com/2006/08/matria-escura.html' title='Matéria Escura'/><author><name>Victor Rivelles</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13686446138092176062</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-20452722.post-115642512305702678</id><published>2006-08-24T09:59:00.000-03:00</published><updated>2006-08-24T10:12:03.086-03:00</updated><title type='text'>The Tao of  Mathematics</title><content type='html'>Terence Tao, aged 31, professor of mathematics at UCLA,  got this year Fields Medal. He gave a long interview available in a &lt;a href="http://newsroom.ucla.edu/page.asp?RelNum=7252"&gt;press release&lt;/a&gt; of UCLA News. There he gives the recipe for success. Quantum Pontiff selected the &lt;a href="http://dabacon.org/pontiff/?p=1316"&gt;main parts&lt;/a&gt; of the interview where he explains how to do research.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/20452722-115642512305702678?l=rivelles.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://rivelles.blogspot.com/feeds/115642512305702678/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=20452722&amp;postID=115642512305702678' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20452722/posts/default/115642512305702678'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20452722/posts/default/115642512305702678'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://rivelles.blogspot.com/2006/08/tao-of-mathematics.html' title='The Tao of  Mathematics'/><author><name>Victor Rivelles</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13686446138092176062</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-20452722.post-115625851512238481</id><published>2006-08-22T11:31:00.001-03:00</published><updated>2006-08-24T00:44:49.470-03:00</updated><title type='text'>Fields Medal</title><content type='html'>Via &lt;a href="http://www.scottaaronson.com/blog/2006/08/fruitcake-fields.html"&gt;Scott Aaronson&lt;/a&gt;, the winners of the Fields Medal are Andrei Okounkov, Grigory Perelman, Terence Tao and Wendelin Werner. The Nevanlinna Prize goes to Jon Kleinberg and the Gauss Prize to Kiyoshi Itô. The press release can be found &lt;a href="http://www.icm2006.org/press/releases/"&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;. It seems that Perelman declined the prize. There is an article in the &lt;a href="http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=/news/2006/08/20/nmaths20.xml"&gt;Telegraph&lt;/a&gt; and in &lt;a href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/5274040.stm"&gt;BBC News&lt;/a&gt; claiming that he can not afford the trip to collect the award. &lt;a href="http://www.math.columbia.edu/%7Ewoit/wordpress/?p=448"&gt;Peter Woit&lt;/a&gt; has some references to the works done by the winners. &lt;a href="http://motls.blogspot.com/2006/08/fields-medal-okounkov-perelman-tao.html"&gt;Lubos&lt;/a&gt; also has a post.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/20452722-115625851512238481?l=rivelles.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://rivelles.blogspot.com/feeds/115625851512238481/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=20452722&amp;postID=115625851512238481' title='2 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20452722/posts/default/115625851512238481'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20452722/posts/default/115625851512238481'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://rivelles.blogspot.com/2006/08/fields-medal_22.html' title='Fields Medal'/><author><name>Victor Rivelles</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13686446138092176062</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>2</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-20452722.post-115619333189937853</id><published>2006-08-21T17:37:00.000-03:00</published><updated>2006-08-21T17:48:51.913-03:00</updated><title type='text'>Dark matter is out there</title><content type='html'>The press conference to announce the discover of dark matter has just happened. You can read the &lt;a href="http://www.nasa.gov/home/hqnews/2006/aug/HQ_06297_CHANDRA_Dark_Matter.html"&gt;news release&lt;/a&gt; and look at some &lt;a href="http://chandra.harvard.edu/photo/2006/1e0657/"&gt;pictures.  &lt;/a&gt;Sean Carroll has a very detailed  &lt;a href="http://cosmicvariance.com/2006/08/21/dark-matter-exists/"&gt;post &lt;/a&gt;about it. It seems now that MOND is dead. Long live dark matter.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/20452722-115619333189937853?l=rivelles.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://rivelles.blogspot.com/feeds/115619333189937853/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=20452722&amp;postID=115619333189937853' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20452722/posts/default/115619333189937853'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20452722/posts/default/115619333189937853'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://rivelles.blogspot.com/2006/08/dark-matter-is-out-there.html' title='Dark matter is out there'/><author><name>Victor Rivelles</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13686446138092176062</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-20452722.post-115609366667361867</id><published>2006-08-20T16:37:00.000-03:00</published><updated>2006-09-04T12:13:13.800-03:00</updated><title type='text'>Debate sobre a teoria de cordas</title><content type='html'>A teoria de cordas vem sendo duramente criticada, já por algum tempo, por diversos motivos. Isso levou à publicação de dois livros, um de Peter Woit, com o título "Not Even Wrong", o mesmo título de seu &lt;a href="http://www.math.columbia.edu/%7Ewoit/wordpress/"&gt;blog&lt;/a&gt;, e mais recentemente um novo livro apareceu, de Lee Smolin, chamado " The Trouble with Physics". Li uma versão preliminar do livro do Woit e ainda não vi o livro do Smolin.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;É claro que esses livros levaram a um debate acalorado nos blogs. Muitos comentários foram feitos, a grande maioria de forma pessoal, o que não considero muito útil. Entretanto, &lt;a href="http://golem.ph.utexas.edu/string/archives/000898.html"&gt;Aaron Bergman&lt;/a&gt; recebeu o livro de Woit para uma resenha e o que ele escreveu é bastante equilibrado. Apesar de trabalhar em teoria de cordas, Bergman faz um balanço da área, e reconhece tanto os pontos positivos quanto os negativos. A resenha pode ser encontrada &lt;a href="http://zippy.ph.utexas.edu/%7Eabergman/Review.pdf"&gt;aqui&lt;/a&gt;. A resposta de Peter aos comentários de Bergman podem ser encontrados &lt;a href="http://www.math.columbia.edu/%7Ewoit/wordpress/?p=446"&gt;aqui&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;A publicação desses livros levou a discussão para o grande público. Isso fez com que a NPR, National Public Radio, uma rede de rádio não comercial americana, promovesse um &lt;a href="http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=5670911"&gt;debate entre Lee Smolin e Brian Greene&lt;/a&gt;. A discussão é muito boa. Clique em "listen" para ouvir o debate. Lubos Motl fez um &lt;a href="http://motls.blogspot.com/2006/08/greene-and-smolin-audio.html"&gt;resumo do debate&lt;/a&gt; de forma tendenciosa, como sempre . Entretanto, ele escreveu um &lt;a href="http://motls.blogspot.com/2006/08/mountain-climbing.html"&gt;post&lt;/a&gt; bastante interessante sobre uma forma figurada que o Lee Smolin usou durante a entrevista. Lee comparou a busca de uma teoria quântica da gravitação com a escalada da montanha mais alta que existe. Só que ele se esqueceu que o caminho para a atingir o topo é para cima.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;O fato da teoria de cordas estar sendo criticada por tantos anos e ainda assim conseguir atrair os estudantes mais talentosos e fazer com que o número de pesquisadores na área continue a crescer é bastante curioso. De fato, é preciso trabalhar em cordas para compreender o que acontece. Entrar na área é difícil pois não há um roteiro bem definido. Para estudar loop quantum gravity tudo o que se precisa saber é relatividade geral, mecânica Hamiltoniana e  teoria quântica de campos. Isso é o básico. Em teoria de cordas o básico não é tão claro. Voce deve saber relatividade geral e teoria quântica de campos, mas dependendo do rumo que voce quer tomar, precisa saber também teoria de campos conforme, integrais de trajetória, quantização à la BRST, anomalias, topologia em duas dimensões, supersimetria, spinores em diversas dimensões, teoria de campos supersimétrica, BPS, QCD, o modêlo padrão, Calabi-Yau,  topologia em dimensões superiores a dois, geometria algébrica, anti De Sitter,  sólitons, instantons, teoria quântica de campos não perturbativa, ... Muita coisa mesmo. Pode-se ficar sem rumo nesse emaranhado e sem dúvida loop quantum gravity é mais direto. Porisso não é surpreendente que apenas estudantes capazes de encarar grandes desafios decidam entrar na área. Porque a teoria de cordas continua a crescer? Quem trabalha em cordas sabe, como descrito no review de Bergman , que a teoria não é "the only game in town", ela é "the best game in town". Nenhuma outra teoria que estende o modêlo padrão e que contém a relatividade geral produziu tantos resultados novos quanto a teoria de cordas. Os inúmeros testes de consistência a que a teoria foi submetida e  o fato de ter passado em todos eles é o mais forte indicativo que estamos na direção correta.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/20452722-115609366667361867?l=rivelles.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://rivelles.blogspot.com/feeds/115609366667361867/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=20452722&amp;postID=115609366667361867' title='3 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20452722/posts/default/115609366667361867'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20452722/posts/default/115609366667361867'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://rivelles.blogspot.com/2006/08/debate-sobre-teoria-de-cordas.html' title='Debate sobre a teoria de cordas'/><author><name>Victor Rivelles</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13686446138092176062</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>3</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-20452722.post-115591294709389380</id><published>2006-08-18T11:43:00.000-03:00</published><updated>2006-08-18T11:55:47.113-03:00</updated><title type='text'>Medalha Fields: o ganhador vai aparecer?</title><content type='html'>A Medalha Fields, o equivalente a um premio Nobel em matemática, será entregue no próximo dia 22 de agosto pelo rei da Espanha. Um dos prováveis ganhadores  é o russo Gregori Perelman pelo seu trabalho sobre a conjectura da geometrização e a conjectura de Poincaré. Entretanto, ele demitiu-se do Steklov Institute of Mathematics em São Petesburgo e ninguém sabe por onde ele anda. Um caso semelhante aconteceu em 1966 quando um matemático alemão recusou-se a receber a medalha em Moscou devido à intervenção soviética no Europa oriental. Ele recebeu a medalha mais tarde. Mais detalhes no &lt;a href="http://www.newscientist.com/article/dn9775-russian-mathematics-genius-shuns-the-spotlight.html"&gt;New Scientist&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/20452722-115591294709389380?l=rivelles.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://rivelles.blogspot.com/feeds/115591294709389380/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=20452722&amp;postID=115591294709389380' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20452722/posts/default/115591294709389380'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20452722/posts/default/115591294709389380'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://rivelles.blogspot.com/2006/08/medalha-fields-o-ganhador-vai-aparecer.html' title='Medalha Fields: o ganhador vai aparecer?'/><author><name>Victor Rivelles</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13686446138092176062</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-20452722.post-115564921076924040</id><published>2006-08-15T10:33:00.000-03:00</published><updated>2006-08-16T14:19:13.176-03:00</updated><title type='text'>Dark matter discovered</title><content type='html'>NASA site is announcing that &lt;a href="http://www.nasa.gov/home/hqnews/2006/aug/HQ_M06128_dark_matter.html"&gt;dark matter was discovered&lt;/a&gt; by Chandra X-ray Observatory. A teleconference will be held on August 21 at 1 pm EDT (2 pm in Brasil). Sean Carroll is going to participate so the first question is: why wait for one week? Can anyone provide us with more information?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;UPDATE: Imagine the collision between two galaxies. The ordinary matter in them collides and gets interlocked due to the mutual gravitational attraction. Dark matter, however, just keeps its momentum and keeps going on leaving behind the colliding galaxies. It seems that something like this has been detected by the Chandra X-Ray Observatory. Collisions of ordinary matter produces a lot of X-rays and the dark matter outside the galaxies acts as a gravitational lens. More details can be found in &lt;a href="http://math.ucr.edu/home/baez/week238.html"&gt;John Baez&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/20452722-115564921076924040?l=rivelles.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://rivelles.blogspot.com/feeds/115564921076924040/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=20452722&amp;postID=115564921076924040' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20452722/posts/default/115564921076924040'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20452722/posts/default/115564921076924040'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://rivelles.blogspot.com/2006/08/dark-matter-discovered.html' title='Dark matter discovered'/><author><name>Victor Rivelles</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13686446138092176062</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-20452722.post-115531073553078865</id><published>2006-08-11T12:16:00.000-03:00</published><updated>2006-08-11T12:38:55.770-03:00</updated><title type='text'>Extra dimensions in the lab and landscape</title><content type='html'>Since string theory predicted the existence of &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/String_theory#Extra_dimensions"&gt;extra dimensions&lt;/a&gt; many Cavendish type experiments with improved technology were done. Up to now no deviations of Newton's gravitational law were detected. Now there is a proposal to &lt;a href="http://www.aip.org/pnu/2006/split/788-1.html"&gt;optically trap supercold strontium atoms&lt;/a&gt; a few microns apart and measure the gravitational attraction. It would provide an alternative way to detect extra dimensions without the use of torsion balances and accelerators.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;There is also a nice article on the landscape in &lt;a href="http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/313/5788/750?etoc"&gt;Science Magazine&lt;/a&gt;. It gives a balanced view of the &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthropic_principle"&gt;anthropic principle&lt;/a&gt; and its use in &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthropic_landscape"&gt;string theory landscape&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/20452722-115531073553078865?l=rivelles.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://rivelles.blogspot.com/feeds/115531073553078865/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=20452722&amp;postID=115531073553078865' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20452722/posts/default/115531073553078865'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20452722/posts/default/115531073553078865'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://rivelles.blogspot.com/2006/08/extra-dimensions-in-lab-and-landscape.html' title='Extra dimensions in the lab and landscape'/><author><name>Victor Rivelles</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13686446138092176062</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-20452722.post-115521823474391285</id><published>2006-08-10T10:36:00.000-03:00</published><updated>2006-08-10T11:10:53.943-03:00</updated><title type='text'>Loop quantum gravity in New Scientist</title><content type='html'>The last issue of New Scientist has an &lt;a href="http://www.newscientist.com/channel/opinion/mg19125642.900-editorial-loop-quantum-gravity-increases-its-pull.html;jsessionid=FJMOPBBFGOIA"&gt;editorial&lt;/a&gt; and a &lt;a href="http://www.newscientist.com/article/mg19125645.800;jsessionid=FJMOPBBFGOIA"&gt;full article&lt;/a&gt; dedicated to loop quantum gravity.  The editorial mentions string theory and says:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;"The rivalry between the two theories may turn out to be false. It is driven in part by the different backgrounds and prejudices of their practitioners, with string theorists mainly coming from particle physics and the loop camp from general relativity."&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Well, we know that is not the reason. Anyway the editorial says that now loop quantum gravity can describe matter. The article has the title "&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;You are made of space-time", &lt;/span&gt;and you can imagine how matter is supposed to be represented in LQG. It has nice pictures of braided space-time, which looks like an octopus, claiming to represent elementary particles. The article is based on two papers: &lt;a href="http://arxiv.org/abs/gr-qc/0604044"&gt;gr-qc/0604044&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="http://arxiv.org/abs/hep-th/0603022"&gt;hep-th/0603022&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href="http://arxiv.org/abs/hep-ph/0503213"&gt;hep-ph/0503213&lt;/a&gt;.To have a balanced view you should also read some trackbacks to these papers:&lt;a href="http://motls.blogspot.com/2006/04/carlo-rovelli-and-graviton-propagator.html"&gt; here&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="http://motls.blogspot.com/2006/03/theory-of-everything-from-trinions.html"&gt;here, &lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href="http://math.ucr.edu/home/baez/week233.html"&gt; here&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/20452722-115521823474391285?l=rivelles.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://rivelles.blogspot.com/feeds/115521823474391285/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=20452722&amp;postID=115521823474391285' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20452722/posts/default/115521823474391285'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20452722/posts/default/115521823474391285'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://rivelles.blogspot.com/2006/08/loop-quantum-gravity-in-new-scientist.html' title='Loop quantum gravity in New Scientist'/><author><name>Victor Rivelles</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13686446138092176062</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-20452722.post-115514114765489510</id><published>2006-08-09T13:32:00.000-03:00</published><updated>2006-08-09T14:29:57.386-03:00</updated><title type='text'>ICMP 2006 - Day 2</title><content type='html'>Monday evening Lisa Randall gave a public talk on extra dimensions. She was tired but the talk was good. Even though it was announced as a public lecture it was really addressed only to the participants. After Lisa's talk there was an opening ceremony for the conference. Representatives of the main Brazilian sponsors of the conference were there and possibly that is the reason the opening was not in the morning as it should be. In Brazil formal aspects are more important than its contents.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Yesterday (Tuesday) there were three plenary lectures but only one with some interest to me. It was given by Bruce Kleiner and he talked about Perelman's work on Ricci flows and the geometrization conjecture. I was not aware that there are many papers explaining Perelman's work and that mathematicians like to write explaining other people works. The parallel session on string theory started with Sergei Gukov talking on categories and its application to link homologies and generalizations based on topological field theories. Hard stuff with the usual cartoons. Then Anton Kapustin gave a very clear talk on topological reduction of supersymmetric gauge theories. He explained in some detail the twisting procedure and how it can be used to get a topological or semi-topological field theories. The last string talk was given Marcos Marino on phase transitions in topological string theories. Again too mathematical.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Then I went to the parallel session on general relativity. The Brazilian &lt;a href="http://rivelles.blogspot.com/2006/08/why-progress-in-science-is-so-slow.html#links"&gt;GR community&lt;/a&gt; must be angry with its contents. The first talk was given by Gabriel Cardoso about entropy in supergravity and string theory where he proposes a modified OSV (Ooguri-Strominger-Vafa) relation to take into account subleading corrections to the entropy. The OSV proposal was discussed by &lt;a href="http://motls.blogspot.com/2005/05/ooguri-strominger-vafa.html"&gt;Lubos.&lt;/a&gt; The second was a talk on loop quantum gravity. In fact, loop quantum cosmology, by Martin Bojowald, where the use of difference equations is claimed to allow the study of the singularity problems. Great if true. The last talk was given by Axel Kleinschmidt on the attempts to understand M theory looking at the symmetry structures hidden in D=11 supergravity. It is nice to see that there are signs of integrability there too.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;I didn't see the end of the last talk because I had to catch my flight back to Sao Paulo. I went to Rio just for the string theory sessions. After I left, the Poincare Award ceremony took place. It was awarded to Ed Witten, Ludvig Faddeev and David Ruelle. All of them gave a talk on the &lt;a href="http://rivelles.blogspot.com/2006/08/young-researchers-symposium.html#links"&gt;Young Researchers Symposium&lt;/a&gt; held on Saturday and Monday.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-style: italic;"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The conference goes until Friday but I will not be there. Today there are only plenary talks and the afternoon is free. At night there is the conference dinner at Porcao, a very good barbecue restaurant in Rio. I will miss Zarembo's talk on Friday. Hope somebody can tell me later on.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/20452722-115514114765489510?l=rivelles.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://rivelles.blogspot.com/feeds/115514114765489510/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=20452722&amp;postID=115514114765489510' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20452722/posts/default/115514114765489510'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20452722/posts/default/115514114765489510'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://rivelles.blogspot.com/2006/08/icmp-2006-day-2.html' title='ICMP 2006 - Day 2'/><author><name>Victor Rivelles</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13686446138092176062</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-20452722.post-115498491052665619</id><published>2006-08-07T17:51:00.000-03:00</published><updated>2006-08-07T18:08:31.620-03:00</updated><title type='text'>ICMP 2006</title><content type='html'>The ICMP started today in Rio de Janeiro. I was surprised by the first talk given by W. Werner. It was about critical phenomena in 2D. He illustrated very well what he was saying by using percolation of hexagonal cells. He also talked about Brownian loops and mentioned the theorems he is associated with. Of course, everything has conformal invariance, so life is a bit easier. The second talk was about the classification of the irreducible representations of chiral conformal theories with c&lt;1 using algebraic quantum field theory. It was given by Y. Kawahigashi. A very impressive piece of work.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;There was a parallel session on strings theory. Chris Hull gave a very clear talk on nongeometrical string backgrounds. It is a clever way of implementing dualities. Pierre Vanhove talked about hypermultiplet couplings in N=2 sugra and Mina Aganagic on topological strings, monodromy and modular forms.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Tonight Lisa Randall is supposed to give a public lecture. The presentations will be online only after the conference is over. As usual because mathematicians are slower.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/20452722-115498491052665619?l=rivelles.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://rivelles.blogspot.com/feeds/115498491052665619/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=20452722&amp;postID=115498491052665619' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20452722/posts/default/115498491052665619'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20452722/posts/default/115498491052665619'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://rivelles.blogspot.com/2006/08/icmp-2006.html' title='ICMP 2006'/><author><name>Victor Rivelles</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13686446138092176062</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-20452722.post-115471642857790667</id><published>2006-08-07T11:25:00.000-03:00</published><updated>2006-08-07T11:31:16.153-03:00</updated><title type='text'>Colóquio do DFMA</title><content type='html'>Depois de organizar os &lt;a href="http://www.fma.if.usp.br/seminars/coloquios_fma.html"&gt;colóquios&lt;/a&gt; do departamento por três anos seguidos passo a coordenação para o Gustavo Burdman. No início de cada semestre eu enviava aos professores e alunos do departamento um e-mail enfatizando a importância dos colóquios. O texto é endereçado principalmente aos estudantes novos. Acho muito importante alertar os estudantes acerca da importância dos seminários, mesmo que o exemplo do orientador seja contrário.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Se voce quer saber porque os seminários são importantes leia o texto &lt;a href="http://www.fma.if.usp.br/%7Erivelles/Texts/coloquio.txt"&gt;aqui.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Se voce acha que dá muito trabalho estudar e assistir seminários talvez seja melhor ler o meu post &lt;a href="http://rivelles.blogspot.com/2006/08/why-do-you-work-so-hard.html#links"&gt;aqui.&lt;/a&gt; &lt;span class="down" style="display: block;" id="formatbar_CreateLink" title="Link" onmouseover="ButtonHoverOn(this);" onmouseout="ButtonHoverOff(this);" onmouseup="" onmousedown="CheckFormatting(event);FormatbarButton('richeditorframe', this, 8);ButtonMouseDown(this);"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/20452722-115471642857790667?l=rivelles.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://rivelles.blogspot.com/feeds/115471642857790667/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=20452722&amp;postID=115471642857790667' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20452722/posts/default/115471642857790667'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20452722/posts/default/115471642857790667'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://rivelles.blogspot.com/2006/08/colquio-do-dfma.html' title='Colóquio do DFMA'/><author><name>Victor Rivelles</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13686446138092176062</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-20452722.post-115489672894487444</id><published>2006-08-06T17:17:00.000-03:00</published><updated>2006-08-08T05:45:14.590-03:00</updated><title type='text'>Young Researchers Symposium</title><content type='html'>Today is the second and last day of the &lt;a href="http://www.impa.br/opencms/pt/eventos/store/evento_0005.html?link=2"&gt;YRS&lt;/a&gt;. The first talks were in areas of mathematical physics that I am not informed enough to comment on. One was on some sort of random walks, the second on entanglement and the third was too mathematical. You may see the program &lt;a href="http://www.impa.br/opencms/pt/eventos/extra/2006_ICMP/YRSschedule.html"&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The most expected talk was given by Witten and was about the Langlands program. He started giving an elementary introduction to electric-magnetic duality, &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetic_monopole"&gt;magnetic monoples&lt;/a&gt;, Dirac strings and the quantization condition to arrive at the &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montonen-Olive_duality"&gt;Montonen-Olive duality&lt;/a&gt;. He then explained the goal of the &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Langlands_program"&gt;Langlands program&lt;/a&gt;, that is, to study number theory using geometry, and ended mentioning his &lt;a href="http://arxiv.org/abs/hep-th/0604151"&gt;work,&lt;/a&gt; that the Langlands program can be interpreted in terms of physical ingredients. Since the audience was very heterogeneous it seems he did it well.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/20452722-115489672894487444?l=rivelles.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://rivelles.blogspot.com/feeds/115489672894487444/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=20452722&amp;postID=115489672894487444' title='5 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20452722/posts/default/115489672894487444'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20452722/posts/default/115489672894487444'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://rivelles.blogspot.com/2006/08/young-researchers-symposium.html' title='Young Researchers Symposium'/><author><name>Victor Rivelles</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13686446138092176062</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>5</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-20452722.post-115479765306615504</id><published>2006-08-06T10:00:00.000-03:00</published><updated>2006-08-07T05:27:59.400-03:00</updated><title type='text'>International Congress on Mathematical Physics 2006</title><content type='html'>The &lt;a href="http://www.impa.br/opencms/pt/eventos/store/evento_0005.html?link=2"&gt;ICMP 2006&lt;/a&gt; will start in Rio de Janeiro tomorrow.  It is a traditional meeting which began  in Moscow in 1972 and is held each three years. During the conference the Poincare Medal is awarded  and this year I heard it will go to Ludvig Faddeev. There are several other &lt;a href="http://www.impa.br/opencms/pt/eventos/store/evento_0005.html?link=13"&gt;satellite meetings&lt;/a&gt; going on or ending now, like the &lt;a href="http://www.ift.unesp.br/users/nberkovi/purespinor.html"&gt;Workshop on Pure Spinors &lt;/a&gt; organized by Nathan Berkovits in Sao Paulo.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;yesterday and today it is happening the &lt;a href="http://www.impa.br/opencms/pt/eventos/extra/2006_ICMP/YRSschedule.html"&gt;Young Researchers Symposium&lt;/a&gt;, a meeting promoted by the ICMP to attract younger people and where a Field medalist gives a talk. This year this  seminar will be delivered  by E. Witten.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The symposium  started yesterday with a very nice talk by Faddeev on quantum groups. As he explained quantum groups are neither quantum nor groups. They are deformations of the phase space and the group structure.  He started with spin chains using the XXX Heisenberg model  along the lines of his well known &lt;a href="http://arxiv.org/abs/hep-th/9605187"&gt;review&lt;/a&gt;. He went on to the XXZ model and its connection with deformed algebras, Yang-Baxter, braid groups, and so on. During the talk he gave many historical accounts related to the subject and distributed a copy of a new preprint "History and Perspectives of Quantum Groups". Very interesting.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Berkovits gave a talk about string amplitudes and  pure spinors. Too technical for an audience of mathematicians and physicists from several areas. Anyway it is too hard to explain his goal  without going into the technical details. At the end he said that it is possible to extend his pure spinor formalism to 11 dimensions and maybe get more information on M theory. The talk of David Ruelle went the other way. Almost no equations. Too difficult to understand many of his statements and the line of reasoning. Maybe for people working in the area it was easier. He talked about dynamical systems, chaos, turbulence and nonequilibrium statistical mechanics. He told that the solar system is not stable and some guys in the audience seemed very worried about that!  Many historical notes were told mainly about Poincare. Like the butterfly effect that had in fact begin with a seagull and not with a butterfly.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;There were other sessions where younger people presented their work. The day ended with a reception and Brazilian music, chorinho and samba. Very good.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/20452722-115479765306615504?l=rivelles.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://rivelles.blogspot.com/feeds/115479765306615504/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=20452722&amp;postID=115479765306615504' title='2 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20452722/posts/default/115479765306615504'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20452722/posts/default/115479765306615504'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://rivelles.blogspot.com/2006/08/international-congress-on-mathematical.html' title='International Congress on Mathematical Physics 2006'/><author><name>Victor Rivelles</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13686446138092176062</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>2</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-20452722.post-115464258890967912</id><published>2006-08-04T17:26:00.000-03:00</published><updated>2006-08-14T11:54:48.603-03:00</updated><title type='text'>Why progress in science is  so slow around here</title><content type='html'>Lubos Motl wrote a &lt;a href="http://precondition.blogspot.com/2006/07/why-am-i-doing-what-im-doing.html"&gt; post &lt;/a&gt; trying to understand why Germany, and more generally Central Europe, after giving so many contributions to physics in the early XX century lost the leadership. He identifies three causes:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;1. The American financial attractor that has caused some brain drain&lt;br /&gt;2. The working American free market of ideas and its less viable European counterpart&lt;br /&gt;3. The relative inability of European scholars to allow their younger colleagues to get further&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;It is interesting to realize that all this holds also for Brazil and possibly for Latin America. Maldacena is by far the most clear example of the first point. Even if he wanted to go back to Argentina it would be very difficult for the other reasons.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Lubos also details the other two points:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In the American system, new ideas are actively looked for and they are appreciated, together with their happy authors. In the Central European context, it is more important to be compatible with the old ideas - let us call them "perfectly balanced ideas" - that are currently dominating the intellectual landscape and in which the old myths and pre-conceptions play a comparable role to the newest developments.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;and,&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The third difference between America and Central Europe that I mentioned is the insufficient desire of the Central European scholars to support their students and younger colleagues in getting further than the previous generations. A particularly bad habit is to penalize students and others for being interested in and working on new ideas.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Reading this brings recollections from many years ago. When I was a MSc student, in the 70's, the preprints I read were saying that quantum field theory was the framework for elementary particle physics. The researchers I talked to said that it was just a fashion and it would go away. I could not understand why. After all there were experimental evidence supporting QFT. So I had to study QFT by myself and I did so. After the PhD in London I came back to Brazil at the beginning of the 80's. I recall giving several talks on supersymmetry. It was usual to hear comments like this:&lt;br /&gt;- You should do research in supersymmetry only after it is found, not now.&lt;br /&gt;I usually replied saying that when supersymmetry is found it will no longer be the subject of research but of textbooks. As we all know susy is likely to be found at LHC and even before its discovery it is already in textbooks! A colleague of mine already deceased, P.P.Srivastava, was one of the first people to work in conformal supersymmetry. He was in Europe when he did his work but had to return to Brazil. Here he was convinced by many Brazilian researchers that supersymmetry was just a fashion which would go away soon. Unfortunately he gave credit to this argument and stopped working in susy. Being out of scene people started to stop citing his works. Some years later he realized how wrong his decision was, went back to susy and wrote a book &lt;a href="http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0852745753/sr=1-23/qid=1154640385/ref=sr_1_23/002-3113609-6360064?ie=UTF8&amp;amp;s=books"&gt; Supersymmetry, Superfields and Supergravity&lt;/a&gt; in an attempt to get credit for having worked in conformal susy. His book was one of the few available at that time and is quite good.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Things like this happened in other areas as well. Still in the 80's, when the inflationary theory was born, people working in general relativity in Brazil started to despise the idea. They used to compare the researchers of inflation with those old Hollywood western movies where an old guy in the back of his wagon sells a miracle medicine fooling everybody! That is how it works in many places. If you do not have sound scientific arguments you convince people in this way. Mainly if you live in an economically or militarily oppressed country. It works! I had a bad time explaining to young students the distinction between scientific ideas and political ideologies.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Of course, string theory was also a target for these people. Take Nathan Berkovits for instance. He applied for a position in my institute in the 90's. We discussed the CV and recommendation letters of all candidates. Nathan had a very strong recommendation letter from Witten. After some harsh discussions an influent professor said:&lt;br /&gt;- Who is this Witten anyway?&lt;br /&gt;I immediately said&lt;br /&gt;- The same who just won the Fields Medal!&lt;br /&gt;And he replied in a waggish way&lt;br /&gt;- But his work was in geometry not in analysis!&lt;br /&gt;That was the feeling against string theory at that time! A committee was chosen to select one of the candidates and obviously Nathan did not get the position. Very soon, another university in Sao Paulo, run by younger and smarter people, hired him so he got a good position and is well now. But we lost Berkovits!&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Another tactics that is often used consists in bringing foreign people to say the last word against new ideas. There is a well known retired &lt;a href="http://rivelles.blogspot.com/2006/04/bert-schroer-again.html#links"&gt; German professor &lt;/a&gt; who thinks that we all should do field theory like in 60's and forget everything about string theory. Fortunately almost nobody takes this sort of foreign authority seriously nowadays.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;It has to be said that this kind of people is no longer representative of physics in Latin America. As the time goes by their proportion is diminishing in Brazil and they are loosing any decision power they had before. There are many serious researchers who appreciate new ideas and work on them. Some may not work on modern topics but accept that others do so. Without any embarrassment or any mocking. Students now can choose their area without being oppressed. And more than that, they are free to do better than their former teachers did.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;A warning to the students. Some of this people are still around. You can easily recognized them. Do not trust those who attack a subject without any solid scientific argument. Never accept political or sociological arguments. They were wrong in the past. And they will be always wrong.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;We are slowly finding our way to do leading science.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/20452722-115464258890967912?l=rivelles.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://rivelles.blogspot.com/feeds/115464258890967912/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=20452722&amp;postID=115464258890967912' title='6 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20452722/posts/default/115464258890967912'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20452722/posts/default/115464258890967912'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://rivelles.blogspot.com/2006/08/why-progress-in-science-is-so-slow.html' title='Why progress in science is  so slow around here'/><author><name>Victor Rivelles</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13686446138092176062</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>6</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-20452722.post-115463756269024967</id><published>2006-08-03T17:36:00.000-03:00</published><updated>2006-08-05T00:20:37.800-03:00</updated><title type='text'>Why do you work so hard?</title><content type='html'>The answer from a &lt;a href="http://precondition.blogspot.com/2006/07/why-am-i-doing-what-im-doing.html"&gt; student&lt;/a&gt;. Think about it!&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/20452722-115463756269024967?l=rivelles.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://rivelles.blogspot.com/feeds/115463756269024967/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=20452722&amp;postID=115463756269024967' title='2 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20452722/posts/default/115463756269024967'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20452722/posts/default/115463756269024967'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://rivelles.blogspot.com/2006/08/why-do-you-work-so-hard.html' title='Why do you work so hard?'/><author><name>Victor Rivelles</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13686446138092176062</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>2</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-20452722.post-115429069683161186</id><published>2006-07-30T17:05:00.000-03:00</published><updated>2006-07-31T08:12:32.646-03:00</updated><title type='text'>Bolhas de nada</title><content type='html'>Bolhas de nada, literalmente bubbles of nothing, é algo que frequentemente aparece em teoria de cordas mas sua origem é mais antiga. Está associado ao possível decaimento não perturbativo de espaço-tempos instáveis. Uma boa descrição desse processo está descrita em &lt;a href="http://kasperolsen.wordpress.com/2006/07/30/bubbles-of-nothing/"&gt; Bubbles of "nothing"&lt;/a&gt;. Para os que nunca ouviram falar sobre vácuos não perturbativos talvez seja melhor ler primeiro algo sobre &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instanton"&gt; instantons&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/20452722-115429069683161186?l=rivelles.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://rivelles.blogspot.com/feeds/115429069683161186/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=20452722&amp;postID=115429069683161186' title='1 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20452722/posts/default/115429069683161186'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20452722/posts/default/115429069683161186'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://rivelles.blogspot.com/2006/07/bolhas-de-nada.html' title='Bolhas de nada'/><author><name>Victor Rivelles</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13686446138092176062</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>1</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-20452722.post-115396401695911218</id><published>2006-07-26T21:57:00.000-03:00</published><updated>2006-08-04T12:57:15.233-03:00</updated><title type='text'>Ghostly photons,  axions or noncommutativity?</title><content type='html'>In March the PVLAS collaboration in Italy found a small polarization rotation when a laser beam went through a region with a large magnetic field. See &lt;a href="http://physicsweb.org/articles/news/10/3/19/1?rss=2.0"&gt; here&lt;/a&gt;. The result can be interpreted as photons turning into &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Axion"&gt; axions&lt;/a&gt;, a still unobserved particle associated with the conservation of CP symmetry in strong interactions. Axions have no electric charge, a very small mass, and interact very weakly through the strong and weak forces. A very difficult guy to be detected!&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Now DESY is planning an &lt;a href="http://physicsweb.org/articles/news/10/7/10/1"&gt; experiment&lt;/a&gt; using the FLASH, a machine which produces an extremely bright laser beam. The laser will go through a region with intense magnetic field and will be stopped by a wall. In the magnetic field some photons will turn into axions, like in the PVLAS experiment, pass through the wall, and another magnetic field on the other side of the wall will turn these axions back to photons. So photons will apparently come through the wall like ghosts (not the &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faddeev-Popov_ghost"&gt; Faddeev-Popov &lt;/a&gt;ones!). Very clever! The proposal is &lt;a href="http://arxiv.org/abs/hep-ex/0606058"&gt; here&lt;/a&gt;. They are planning to start the experiment by the end of 2006.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;If the effect is real and if no axions are found an alternative explanation could be  &lt;a href="http://arxiv.org/abs/hep-ph/0511323"&gt; noncommutativity&lt;/a&gt;. A noncommutative photon acquires a phase in an electromagnetic background. This causes a rotation in the polarization as observed in PVLAS collaboration. In the DESY experiment no photons would be observed through the wall. That would be great!&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/20452722-115396401695911218?l=rivelles.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://rivelles.blogspot.com/feeds/115396401695911218/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=20452722&amp;postID=115396401695911218' title='2 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20452722/posts/default/115396401695911218'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20452722/posts/default/115396401695911218'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://rivelles.blogspot.com/2006/07/ghostly-photons-axions-or.html' title='Ghostly photons,  axions or noncommutativity?'/><author><name>Victor Rivelles</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13686446138092176062</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>2</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-20452722.post-115318443103433730</id><published>2006-07-17T21:44:00.000-03:00</published><updated>2006-07-20T23:24:52.043-03:00</updated><title type='text'>Strings 2006: the movie</title><content type='html'>If you could'nt go to Beijing for the String conference you can now see the movie. You will understand why string is bound by faith as many bloggers say. The link is &lt;a href="http://www.stringsmovie.com/video.htm"&gt; here.&lt;/a&gt; The homepage for the movie is &lt;a href="http://www.stringsmovie.com/"&gt; here.&lt;/a&gt; Have fun...&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/20452722-115318443103433730?l=rivelles.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://rivelles.blogspot.com/feeds/115318443103433730/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=20452722&amp;postID=115318443103433730' title='2 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20452722/posts/default/115318443103433730'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20452722/posts/default/115318443103433730'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://rivelles.blogspot.com/2006/07/strings-2006-movie.html' title='Strings 2006: the movie'/><author><name>Victor Rivelles</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13686446138092176062</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>2</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-20452722.post-115308151405427056</id><published>2006-07-16T16:51:00.000-03:00</published><updated>2006-07-16T17:36:46.913-03:00</updated><title type='text'>Teoria de supercordas e constante cosmológica</title><content type='html'>Uma das coisas mais surpreendentes das &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supersymmetry"&gt; teorias supersimétricas &lt;/a&gt; é que não existe uma extensão supersimétrica do grupo de &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_sitter_space"&gt; de Sitter &lt;/a&gt; mas apenas do grupo de &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti_de_sitter"&gt; anti-de Sitter&lt;/a&gt;. O grupo de de Sitter descreve um espaço-tempo com constante cosmológica positiva enquanto anti-de Sitter tem uma constante cosmológica negativa. Portanto, a supersimetria definitivamente prefere anti-de Sitter (uma das razões da existência da correspondência &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AdS/CFT"&gt; AdS/CFT&lt;/a&gt;). &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;A descoberta de que o universo está em &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dark_energy"&gt; expansão acelerada&lt;/a&gt;, e que essa expansão acelerada pode ser atribuída a uma constante cosmológica positiva, parece fornecer um argumento muito forte de que a supersimetria realmente não existe na natureza. Se a supersimetria não for encontrada no LHC nos próximos anos, a supersimetria estará em maus lençois. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Entretanto, esse não é o único problema relacionado à &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cosmological_constant"&gt; constante cosmológica&lt;/a&gt;. É necessário uma constante cosmológica positiva incrivelmente grande para dar origem à &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cosmology/Inflation"&gt; inflação cosmológica&lt;/a&gt;. Lembre-se que a inflação é hoje confirmada pelos dados do WMAP. Como a constante cosmológica hoje é positiva e extremamente pequena, é necessário compreender porque ela diminiu tanto nestes 13.7 bilhões de anos. Além disso, a densidade de matéria hoje e a densidade de energia escura hoje são praticamente iguais e não há razão para que isso seja assim. Não existe nenhum teoria que explique todos esses fatos sobre a constante cosmológica.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;O que a teoria de supercordas afirma sobre isso? Como ela é supersimétrica não admite soluções de de Sitter e parece estar bastante distante do mundo em que vivemos. Entretanto, há várias possibilidades de compactificar a teoria de cordas e gerar uma constante cosmológica positiva. Um bom trabalho de revisão é &lt;a href="http://www.phys.lsu.edu/mog/mog23/node8.html"&gt; The Quest for a Realistic Cosmology in the Landscape of String Theory&lt;/a&gt;, de Andrew Chamblin. Apesar de ser de 2004 é bastante atual. Explica, inclusive, a tentativa mais recente de &lt;a href="http://arxiv.org/abs/hep-th/0301240"&gt; KKLT &lt;/a&gt; que usa compactificação com fluxos.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/20452722-115308151405427056?l=rivelles.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://rivelles.blogspot.com/feeds/115308151405427056/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=20452722&amp;postID=115308151405427056' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20452722/posts/default/115308151405427056'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20452722/posts/default/115308151405427056'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://rivelles.blogspot.com/2006/07/teoria-de-supercordas-e-constante.html' title='Teoria de supercordas e constante cosmológica'/><author><name>Victor Rivelles</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13686446138092176062</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-20452722.post-115298875377317645</id><published>2006-07-15T12:08:00.000-03:00</published><updated>2006-07-15T15:39:13.956-03:00</updated><title type='text'>São Paulo in Seed Magazine</title><content type='html'>There is a small article in Seed Magazine about São Paulo, &lt;a href="http://www.seedmagazine.com/news/2006/07/science_city_so_paulo.php"&gt; Science City: São Paulo&lt;/a&gt;. It starts with the usual misconceptions: &lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt; a sprawling metropolis surrounded by ocean and rainforest.&lt;/span&gt; It is really a huge city with more than 15 million people but the nearest beach is about 80 Km from São Paulo and no rainforest is nearby. Anyway, the article mentions &lt;a href="www.usp.br"&gt; São Paulo University&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="http://www.eciencia.usp.br/"&gt; Estação Ciência &lt;/a&gt; (a multidisciplinary museum), &lt;a href="http://www.arteciencianopalco.com.br/"&gt; Arte Ciência no Palco &lt;/a&gt; (art and science on stage) and  &lt;a href="http://www.butantan.gov.br/"&gt; Butantan Institute &lt;/a&gt; (where you can see snakes and spiders alive). The article is very superficial and misses many important points. For instance, Instituto Butantan makes many vaccines and has to fight against the European and American pharmaceutical industries to export its products and even to sell them in Brazil. It will start to produce the bird flu vaccine soon. Also there are many &lt;a href="http://www.fapesp.br/materia.php?data%5Bid_materia%5D=2334"&gt; high tech industries &lt;/a&gt; in São Paulo state, in cities like Campinas (telecommunications), São  Carlos (optics), São José dos Campos (space and flight technology) and Ribeirão Preto (health and biotechnology). It would be fairer to have the title &lt;span style="font-style:italic;"&gt;Science state: São Paulo.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/20452722-115298875377317645?l=rivelles.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://rivelles.blogspot.com/feeds/115298875377317645/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=20452722&amp;postID=115298875377317645' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20452722/posts/default/115298875377317645'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20452722/posts/default/115298875377317645'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://rivelles.blogspot.com/2006/07/so-paulo-in-seed-magazine.html' title='São Paulo in Seed Magazine'/><author><name>Victor Rivelles</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13686446138092176062</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-20452722.post-115283848621836255</id><published>2006-07-13T21:45:00.000-03:00</published><updated>2006-07-13T22:15:29.010-03:00</updated><title type='text'>Os senhores do anel e outros filmes</title><content type='html'>Um pequeno filme sobre o LHC, &lt;a href="http://www.seedmagazine.com/news/2006/07/seed_feature_film_lords_of_the.php"&gt; Lords of the ring&lt;/a&gt;, está disponível no Seed Magazine. O anel referido no título é o anel de colisões do LHC. Veja os túneis onde ocorrerão as colisões e os enormes detectores. Quem tiver a oportunidade ir ao CERN não deve deixar de visitar o LHC. Fiz isso e garanto que é impressionante. É necessário atualizar o Qucktime para ver o filme. (Via Reference Frame)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Veja entrevistas com pessoas famosas colecionadas em &lt;A href="http://www.peoplesarchive.com/"&gt; Peoples Archive&lt;/a&gt;. Existem 31 entrevistas atualmente, entre elas: Freeman Dyson, Sir Michael Atiyah, Hans Bethe, Francis Crick, Murray Gell-Mann, Benoit Mandelbrot, Edward Teller e John Wheeler. Voce tem que se registrar primeiro.(Via Not even wrong).&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/20452722-115283848621836255?l=rivelles.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://rivelles.blogspot.com/feeds/115283848621836255/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=20452722&amp;postID=115283848621836255' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20452722/posts/default/115283848621836255'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20452722/posts/default/115283848621836255'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://rivelles.blogspot.com/2006/07/os-senhores-do-anel-e-outros-filmes.html' title='Os senhores do anel e outros filmes'/><author><name>Victor Rivelles</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13686446138092176062</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-20452722.post-115240957091422793</id><published>2006-07-08T22:39:00.000-03:00</published><updated>2006-07-10T16:26:57.036-03:00</updated><title type='text'>Another hoax in physics?</title><content type='html'>Ask to a physicist working with gravitational waves to write some questions about his area and then ask another physicist and a social scientist to answer those questions. Deliver the answers to a group of physicists and researchers in human sciences and ask them to find out which is the real physicist. Surprisingly, the physicists group could not recognize his real partner while the human scientists did much better. This was a &lt;a href=http://www1.folha.uol.com.br/fsp/ciencia/fe0807200601.htm&gt;front page matter of Folha de São Paulo &lt;/a&gt; (in Portuguese and subscription required) today. It reminds the &lt;a href=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sokal_Affair&gt; Sokal affair&lt;/a&gt;, when the physicist Alan Sokal published a pseudo-scientific paper in a humanities journal, and the &lt;a href=http://math.ucr.edu/home/baez/bogdanoff/&gt; Bogdanov affair&lt;/a&gt;, a controversy about some papers on the Big Bang published by the Bogdanov brothers in respectable physics journals. They all raise serious questions about the strength of the peer-review system that selected the research for publication.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Fortunately the gravitational wave affair is not a hoax but the result of a study made by &lt;a href=http://www.cardiff.ac.uk/schoolsanddivisions/academicschools/socsi/staff/acad/collins/index.html&gt;Harry Collins&lt;/a&gt; and collaborators at the Cardiff School of Social Sciences.  Collins is a sociologist which works on the nature of scientific knowledge and has some interest in physics. He wrote the book &lt;a href=http://www.cardiff.ac.uk/schoolsanddivisions/academicschools/socsi/staff/acad/collins/gravwave/index.html&gt; Gravity’s Shadow &lt;/a&gt;, where he presents a sociological view of the search for gravitational waves, discusses the nature of knowledge, the processes of scientific discovery and the nature of sociological research (as stated in his website; I did not read the book). In his &lt;a href=http://www.cardiff.ac.uk/schoolsanddivisions/academicschools/socsi/staff/acad/collins/expertise/17183.dld&gt; paper &lt;/a&gt;, which he says is to be published in Studies in History and Philosophy of Science 37A, 4 (2006), he reports on his new work described above. The questions made by the gravitational wave physicist are not trivial. Some of them are:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Is a spherical resonant mass detector equally sensitive to radiation from all over the sky?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;State if after a burst of gravitational waves pass by, a bar antenna continues to ring and mirrors of an interferometer continue to oscillate from their mean positions? (only motion in the relevant frequency range is important).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Imagine that the end mirrors of an interferometer are equally but oppositely (electrically) charged. Could the result of a radio-wave incident on the interferometer be the same as that of a gravitational wave?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Of course, if you know some physics you can justify any answer, be it right or wrong. The questions were answered by a physicist and by Collins himself. Then 9 physicists were asked to see the answers and to point out who was the real physicist. Just one chose the real physicist, 7 chose Collins and one could not reach any conclusion. In the other group, 8 researchers, mainly from humanities, analyzed the answers. Five of them chose the real physicist, 2 chose Collins and one could not decide among the two. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;So what can we learn from all this? This is similar to a Turing test where you have to decide if a computer has intelligence. You ask questions to a computer and to a person, without knowing who is who, and analyze the answers. If you can not decide who is the person then the computer has developed intelligence. What Collins is showing is that even if you have a general knowledge of some area but are not completely immersed in it, you can make comments and even give suggestions as if you were a specialist. In fact, sometimes we do that when refereeing papers or proposals in areas close to ours. This is what happened in the Sokal and Bogdanov affairs. Folha de São Paulo reports that Sokal said that he is strike by Collins work. I can understand why. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;I have now found out that this was also published in Nature. A subscription is needed and I can not read it from home. Anyway, here is the &lt;a href=http://www.nature.com/news/2006/060703/full/442008a.html&gt; link&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;UPDATE: Folha de São Paulo article (in Portuguese) can be accessed &lt;a href="http://www.jornaldaciencia.org.br/Detalhe.jsp?id=38971"&gt; here&lt;/a&gt;. There is also some comments by Marcelo Leite (in Portuguese) published yestarday which can be accessed &lt;a href="http://www.jornaldaciencia.org.br/Detalhe.jsp?id=38972"&gt; here&lt;/a&gt;. Nature is not accessible unless you have a premium subscription (my instituion doesn't have one).&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/20452722-115240957091422793?l=rivelles.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://rivelles.blogspot.com/feeds/115240957091422793/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=20452722&amp;postID=115240957091422793' title='2 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20452722/posts/default/115240957091422793'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20452722/posts/default/115240957091422793'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://rivelles.blogspot.com/2006/07/another-hoax-in-physics.html' title='Another hoax in physics?'/><author><name>Victor Rivelles</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13686446138092176062</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>2</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-20452722.post-115171438339803555</id><published>2006-06-30T21:28:00.000-03:00</published><updated>2006-07-06T15:47:53.326-03:00</updated><title type='text'>O carro de som da USP</title><content type='html'>Uma das piores coisas que existem na USP é o carro de som do SINTUSP, o sindicato dos trabalhadores da universidade. Com greve ou sem greve, quando menos se espera, ele aparece fazendo suas pregações por mais uma greve ou por melhores salários ou por melhorias na educação. Entretanto, o volume extremamente alto e a voz estridente e irritante da "tia da greve", a locutora oficial do carro de som, interrompe aulas e impede o trabalho de professores e funcionários. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Um grupo bem humorado de estudantes da Poli fez um video durante a pseudo-greve do ano passado. Lembro-me bem que houve um tumulto na Poli e o SINTUSP acusou professores da Poli de agressão. O video é bastante revelador e engraçado. Veja &lt;A href="www.youtube.com/watch?v=5Mai4S36a4g"&gt; A Greve do Veto&lt;/a&gt;. Bom divertimento. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;(Grato ao Oscar pelo link do vídeo)&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/20452722-115171438339803555?l=rivelles.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://rivelles.blogspot.com/feeds/115171438339803555/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=20452722&amp;postID=115171438339803555' title='1 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20452722/posts/default/115171438339803555'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20452722/posts/default/115171438339803555'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://rivelles.blogspot.com/2006/06/o-carro-de-som-da-usp.html' title='O carro de som da USP'/><author><name>Victor Rivelles</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13686446138092176062</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>1</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-20452722.post-115168391470708069</id><published>2006-06-30T12:58:00.000-03:00</published><updated>2006-06-30T14:53:21.656-03:00</updated><title type='text'>Effective Field Theories</title><content type='html'>There is nice review on effective field theories, by C. P. Burgess, even though the title, &lt;a href="http://arxiv.org/abs/gr-qc/0606108"&gt; Quantum Gravity and Precision Tests&lt;/a&gt;, does not reveal it. It starts with a scalar field theory and shows how to get the effective theory for the light modes. The great advantage over other papers is that it does not pay attention to the technicalities but rather to the ideas involved. It is ideal for those who are starting to study the subject. Of course, once you get this bird eye view of the subject you must then work out the technical details looking at other papers in the reference. The second part, which is much shorter than the first one, is dedicated to show how quantum effects can be computed in general relativity even though it is not renormalizable. It is really a good starting point.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/20452722-115168391470708069?l=rivelles.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://rivelles.blogspot.com/feeds/115168391470708069/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=20452722&amp;postID=115168391470708069' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20452722/posts/default/115168391470708069'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20452722/posts/default/115168391470708069'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://rivelles.blogspot.com/2006/06/effective-field-theories.html' title='Effective Field Theories'/><author><name>Victor Rivelles</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13686446138092176062</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-20452722.post-115107033162738063</id><published>2006-06-23T10:18:00.000-03:00</published><updated>2006-06-24T09:05:49.566-03:00</updated><title type='text'>Strings 2006 - Day 5</title><content type='html'>Today is the last day I will blog from Beijing even though there are 5 more talks programmed for tomorrow. We again had 11 talks today. The more interesting one was given by Kapustin. He detailed a little bit the first two points of his work with Witten on the Langlands program. Gauntlett gave a nice review on Einstein-Sasaki and presented his new solutions for AdS_3 in 10 and 11 dimensions. Horowitz talked about a black holes and how tachyons are related to the evaporation process. And that is it. I am really tired and this last post is written telegraphically. I also lost my voice almost completely because of the air-conditioning. Hope Varig still has its planes flying otherwise I may stay in Germany for a while. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;I just heard a rumor that CERN will not host Strings 2008. It will be postponed by one year and Rome will take it in 2010. I don't know the reason and maybe it is still the same: if supersymmetry is found in 2008 then we all will be together to celebrate it and if it is not found we will be together for a collective suicidal.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/20452722-115107033162738063?l=rivelles.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://rivelles.blogspot.com/feeds/115107033162738063/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=20452722&amp;postID=115107033162738063' title='1 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20452722/posts/default/115107033162738063'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20452722/posts/default/115107033162738063'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://rivelles.blogspot.com/2006/06/strings-2006-day-5.html' title='Strings 2006 - Day 5'/><author><name>Victor Rivelles</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13686446138092176062</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>1</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-20452722.post-115098675980257396</id><published>2006-06-22T11:21:00.000-03:00</published><updated>2006-06-22T11:53:58.433-03:00</updated><title type='text'>Strings 2006 – Day 4</title><content type='html'>Yesterday I wrote that an alternative B. Greene gave a talk on cosmology at Strings 2006. In fact it was Koenraad Schalm who gave the talk. He belongs to the group of the real Brian Greene at Columbia. So what happened is that when I arrived the talk had already started. I went to the back of the room because the air-conditioning is better there. From there I could see that the speaker was not Brian Greene. He looked like Koenraad but it couldn't be him. After all, I met him when he was at Stony Brook and we discussed some calculations involving path integrals and anomalies. And this talk was on cosmology! Definitely it couldn't be Koenraad. So I was taken by surprise when he told me this afternoon that he had given the talk.  He also commented that when he started the talk he said he was giving the talk in the place of the real Brian. I really have to change my glasses before I get into trouble. I mentioned Koenraad talk because it was really good. And now knowing that he went to cosmology makes it more valuable. Congratulations Koenraad and sorry for not having recognized you. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Besides that today was a heavy day. We had 5 talks in the morning and 6 in the afternoon. It is too much! Shiraz Minwalla gave an energetic talk as always. He reviewed the calculation of the partition function of N=4 gauge theories for 1/8 BPS states and the connection with giant gravitons.  The next talk was by Schnabl and he described his solution of the open string field theory and the new advances. M. Green gave a nice talk about the new results for the four graviton amplitude. Stephan Hawking talked about the semi-classical birth of the universe. At the end there was a question and it took several minutes before he could make his computer answer it. It was a bit embarrassing. Some of the other talks were about emergent geometry and stringy phenomenology. The banquet at night was uneventful. Tomorrow there will be 11 lectures again. I will probably skip some of them.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/20452722-115098675980257396?l=rivelles.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://rivelles.blogspot.com/feeds/115098675980257396/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=20452722&amp;postID=115098675980257396' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20452722/posts/default/115098675980257396'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20452722/posts/default/115098675980257396'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://rivelles.blogspot.com/2006/06/strings-2006-day-4.html' title='Strings 2006 – Day 4'/><author><name>Victor Rivelles</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13686446138092176062</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-20452722.post-115090324872638255</id><published>2006-06-21T11:57:00.000-03:00</published><updated>2006-06-22T11:45:14.793-03:00</updated><title type='text'>Strings 2006 – Day 3</title><content type='html'>In Toronto last year there was a nice talk by Albert de Roeck from CERN, about the LHC and how it could find signals of string theory like extra dimensions, mini black holes, and so on. This year B. Greene (not the author of The Elegant Universe) did the same with cosmology. In a very optimistic tone he said that stringy effects could be found first in cosmology rather than in particle physics. It is nice to see that some people are really worried about the gap between theory and experiment in string theory and are trying to fill the gap. It is really important that this sort of work be done since all experiments are dedicated and the experimentalists must know where to look.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Another very interesting talk was given by Staudacher. He gave a nice review about the status of anomalous dimensions in QCD and N=4 gauge theories, integrability and string theory. At the end he remarked that transcendentality may not be fundamental after all.  &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In the afternoon we went to the Great Wall. It is quite impressive. I can show you a picture but the real thing is much better.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://photos1.blogger.com/blogger/3068/2049/1600/Picture%20014.0.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="float:left; margin:0 10px 10px 0;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;" src="http://photos1.blogger.com/blogger/3068/2049/320/Picture%20014.0.jpg" border="0" alt="" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In the evening we had Chinese opera. Very nice. Of course, most of the participants didnÂt understand the singers but the visual was magnificent.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;On the commercial side, the Becker sisters and Cambridge were promoting their new book, co-authored with John Schwarz &lt;a href=Âhttp://www.cambridge.org/catalogue/catalogue.asp?isbn=0521860695Â&gt; String Theory and M-Theory&lt;/a&gt; which will be released in November. There is a 20% discount for the conference participants which pre-order a copy. Also, there was a CUP stand during the first two days trying to sell specially string books. Today there was a stand of a bookshop selling CUP books which were specially produced for China. You could find Weinberg's book on QFT or Polchinski's book on string theory by about 10 dollar each volume. Who can compete with China in this way?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;UPDATE: Dear Peter, see what happened with the alternative B. Greene in the next post: Day 4. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;UPDATE: Dear S. Chan, I think prof. Yau is doing a great job in China. He participated in the solution of one of the greatest mathematical problems and brought two new institutes to China among other things. I have never attacked him.  If fact I am surprised to know that China has such a tradition in mathematics. All this is very positive to science in China.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/20452722-115090324872638255?l=rivelles.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://rivelles.blogspot.com/feeds/115090324872638255/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=20452722&amp;postID=115090324872638255' title='1 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20452722/posts/default/115090324872638255'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20452722/posts/default/115090324872638255'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://rivelles.blogspot.com/2006/06/strings-2006-day-3.html' title='Strings 2006 – Day 3'/><author><name>Victor Rivelles</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13686446138092176062</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>1</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-20452722.post-115081318315338880</id><published>2006-06-20T10:27:00.000-03:00</published><updated>2006-08-28T07:56:39.946-03:00</updated><title type='text'>Strings 2006 - Day 2</title><content type='html'>Today there were many talks and I will comment on some of them. For the full list see the &lt;a href="http://strings06.itp.ac.cn/?id=agenda_arr"&gt; program&lt;/a&gt;. The first talk was given by Maldacena and was about giant magnons. Since there is a believe that the N=4 supersymmetric gauge theory is integrable there is a lot of activity trying to show that using the AdS/CFT correspondence. For the moment you just find some sector of the gauge theory which can be mapped to a spin chain and look for the corresponding string theory hoping that you can gain some understanding for the full theory. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Feng gave a interesting talk about dark matter and supergravity. After presenting arguments that DM could be composed by gravitinos he said that the LHC could produce long lived sparticles that decay into gravitinos. These sparticles would then be stored  in a tank of water and the gravitino properties studied. That is fantastic. Not just susy would be found at LHC but also supergravity! Freedman, Ferrara and van Nieuwenhuizen, who have just won a &lt;a href="http://cerncourier.com/main/article/46/5/33/1"&gt; prize&lt;/a&gt; from the American Physical Society for the discovery of sugra, must be very happy.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Herman Verlinde showed how to do string phenomenology bottom-up. Just moosify the standard model. In the panel discussion that happened yesterday he suggested that all smart string theorist should be doing phenomenology because the LHC will start soon. He has a point. We have to understand what will come out of the LHC. But I don't believe many people will change as he changed. Each one has his own recipe for success.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Another good talk was giving by David Tong on how to use string and D-brane techniques to understand the quantum dynamics of field theory solitons. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;To those interested I can not google or access wiki in any language. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Tomorrow there will be a tour so there will be fewer talks.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Almost forgot, after dinner we had a special seminar by Yau telling the history of the Poincaré conjecture and how he solved it! Again, high school students in the audience but less than in the Great Hall of the People yesterday. Also a video from Hamilton, a mathematician who participated in the solution, telling Yau's contribution to maths. Quite impressive that China has such a tradition in mathematics. And for the Chinese students, sitting among the scientists of the West, it must have been wonderful to hear that his teacher solved such an important problem. Looks like China soon will take the lead also in mathematics.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;UPDATE: I can't answer any comment because I can't access blogspot. So I will answer &lt;br /&gt;Peter's question here. Yau gave a public lecture not a technical one. He mentioned several other mathematicians which also gave contributions to the conjecture and explained what they did. He is not claiming that he did it by himself. I am not an expert on the conjecture so I don't know how fair he was in the lecture. But you know, it was a public lecture and Yau is now regarded as a sort of a hero by the Chinese.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/20452722-115081318315338880?l=rivelles.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://rivelles.blogspot.com/feeds/115081318315338880/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=20452722&amp;postID=115081318315338880' title='8 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20452722/posts/default/115081318315338880'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20452722/posts/default/115081318315338880'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://rivelles.blogspot.com/2006/06/strings-2006-day-2.html' title='Strings 2006 - Day 2'/><author><name>Victor Rivelles</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13686446138092176062</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>8</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-20452722.post-115072355636739514</id><published>2006-06-19T10:04:00.000-03:00</published><updated>2006-06-24T01:43:26.513-03:00</updated><title type='text'>Strings 2006</title><content type='html'>That is amazing! I can't access my blog (or any blog at blogspot) from Beijing but I can write a post! Probably because to write a post the address is different (blogger instead of blogspot). So let us see for how long I can write. Also, no wireless is available making things more difficult.  &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Strings 2006 started with 3 public lectures in the Great Hall this morning. The very same place where the communist party holds its meetings. It is quite an impressive building! Besides the string conference participants the place was completely full with high school students. Around 3000 people altogether! The Chinese are investing heavily in education and also getting money from abroad. Two new institutes are being built in China with private donations! And if China gets the international linear collider it will soon became the leader in HEP. No doubt about that. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The first to speak was Gross with a popular talk on strings. The next one was Strominger and surprisingly he started talking in Chinese. The Chinese students liked a lot. He then turned to English to deliver the talk. He presented many cartoons to explain strings and black holes. I was told that he spent one year in China when he was young and then learnt Chinese. That may explain one of his cartoons where he put G. Bush near a black hole to illustrate that everything that goes inside the black hole  falls in nothingness. The last lecture in the morning was given by Hawking. Complete chaos until everybody got a picture from him. Then he talked about cosmology and the big bang. No questions were allowed since it was late. Students were asked to write questions which will be answered on Wednesday. The authors of the selected questions will be able to have a picture side by side with Hawking! That is the way to attract young minds to science in Chinese way!&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In the afternoon the first lecture was given by Witten on the Langlands program. Essentially the introduction of his 250 pages paper. At the end just one question, whether it could have any application in physics. Witten said that there is an application in his paper. Then Vafa talked about the swampland but nothing new was announced. The next two talks, by Shih and Intriligator, were about the metastable vacua in susy theories. Really nice talks. Then Ooguri talked about the possible uses of the metastable vacua in the landscape. And the final talk was by Yin. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In the evening we had the panel discussion with 13 people. Strominger was chairing it. No real debate. Too mild. Some interesting questions but none of them provocative enough. No discussion on the landscape either. Toronto was much better...&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/20452722-115072355636739514?l=rivelles.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://rivelles.blogspot.com/feeds/115072355636739514/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=20452722&amp;postID=115072355636739514' title='2 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20452722/posts/default/115072355636739514'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20452722/posts/default/115072355636739514'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://rivelles.blogspot.com/2006/06/strings-2006.html' title='Strings 2006'/><author><name>Victor Rivelles</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13686446138092176062</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>2</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-20452722.post-115013642904966252</id><published>2006-06-12T15:15:00.000-03:00</published><updated>2006-06-30T15:31:56.480-03:00</updated><title type='text'>José Leite Lopes dies in Rio</title><content type='html'>José Leite Lopes died today in Rio. He was 88 years old and sick. He had a prominent role in several aspects of physics in Brazil. You can read more at &lt;a href="http://www.cbpf.br/LeiteLopes/"&gt; CBPF&lt;/a&gt;, the last institution he belonged to.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/20452722-115013642904966252?l=rivelles.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://rivelles.blogspot.com/feeds/115013642904966252/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=20452722&amp;postID=115013642904966252' title='1 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20452722/posts/default/115013642904966252'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20452722/posts/default/115013642904966252'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://rivelles.blogspot.com/2006/06/jos-leite-lopes-dies-in-rio.html' title='José Leite Lopes dies in Rio'/><author><name>Victor Rivelles</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13686446138092176062</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>1</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-20452722.post-114977105180608750</id><published>2006-06-08T09:38:00.000-03:00</published><updated>2006-06-08T09:50:53.886-03:00</updated><title type='text'>A educação e a eleição presidencial</title><content type='html'>Como sempre, às vesperas de qualquer eleição, há uma disputa acirrada sobre feitos e omissões de governos presentes e passados. O governo Lula tem aparecido muito na mídia, criando universidades federais, dando aumento salarial ao funcionalismo federal (professores universitários incluídos) e apoiando explicitamente a ciência e tecnologia através de verbas (e corte de verbas) ao MCT, Finep e CNPq. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Na área da educação, os feitos estão sendo contestados pelo ex-ministro Paulo Renato Souza em &lt;a href="http://www.jornaldaciencia.org.br/Detalhe.jsp?id=38171"&gt; Informe-se, presidente&lt;/a&gt;, publicado no Estadão. E ele apresenta números que são difíceis de serem ignorados por qualquer pessoa instruída. O atual ministro deveria responder, com números também. Igualmente bom seria que algum ex-ministro de CT comparasse os 8 anos de FHC com os 4 de Lula. Isto pode decidir o voto de muita gente. Ou não.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/20452722-114977105180608750?l=rivelles.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://rivelles.blogspot.com/feeds/114977105180608750/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=20452722&amp;postID=114977105180608750' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20452722/posts/default/114977105180608750'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/20452722/posts/default/114977105180608750'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://rivelles.blogspot.com/2006/06/educao-e-eleio-presidencial.html' title='A educação e a eleição presidencial'/><author><name>Victor Rivelles</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/13686446138092176062</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry></feed>
